Nokea
Where is genetic information that describes the characteristics of an organism found?
- A. Ribosomes
- B. Membranes
- C. Cilia
- D. Nuclei
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The genetic information that describes the characteristics of an organism is found in the nuclei. The nucleus contains the organism's DNA, which carries the genetic information responsible for determining the organism's traits and characteristics. Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, membranes form boundaries of cells, and cilia are hair-like structures used for movement or sensory functions, but they do not house genetic information.
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Which laboratory method is most useful for separating genomic DNA fragments by size?
- A. Titration
- B. Spectrophotometry
- C. Electrophoresis
- D. Filtration
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Electrophoresis is the most suitable method for separating genomic DNA fragments by size. In electrophoresis, DNA fragments are separated based on their size through an electric field. The smaller fragments move faster towards the positive electrode, while the larger fragments move slower, allowing for differentiation based on size. Titration is a technique used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution, not for separating DNA fragments. Spectrophotometry is a method used to measure how much a substance absorbs light at different wavelengths, not for separating DNA fragments. Filtration is a process of separating solids from liquids using a filter, not commonly used for separating DNA fragments by size.
The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which of the substance exists as which of the following?
What is the triple point of a substance?
- A. Simultaneously in solid, liquid, and gas phases.
- B. As soil with gas and solid trapped in liquid.
- C. As a gel with solid and liquid trapped in gas.
- D. Simultaneously in solid, gel, and plasma phases.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The triple point of a substance refers to the specific temperature and pressure at which the substance can exist in equilibrium as solid, liquid, and gas phases simultaneously. This unique point represents the conditions under which all three phases coexist in equilibrium, allowing for phase transitions without a change in temperature or pressure. It is a crucial concept in thermodynamics and phase diagrams, illustrating the conditions where a substance can exhibit distinct phases simultaneously.
Which of the following glands synthesizes antidiuretic hormone?
- A. Pancreas
- B. Thymus
- C. Hypothalamus
- D. Pineal gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus synthesizes antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin. ADH is then transported and stored in the posterior pituitary gland until it is released into the bloodstream when needed. The pancreas is involved in insulin and glucagon production, the thymus plays a role in immune function, and the pineal gland is responsible for producing melatonin. Therefore, the hypothalamus is the gland specifically responsible for synthesizing ADH among the options provided.
Which of the following describes a genetic mutation that results in uncontrolled division of a single cell within the body?
- A. Gene therapy
- B. Stem cell
- C. Translai
- D. Cancer
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Cancer. Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell division caused by genetic mutations. These mutations disrupt normal cell growth regulation processes, leading to the development of malignant tumors. Gene therapy and stem cells are not related to genetic mutations causing uncontrolled cell division. 'Translai' is an irrelevant choice and does not pertain to the question.
Which of the following adult structures is made by the fusion of bones that were separate during childhood?
- A. Hip
- B. Ankle
- C. Arm
- D. Skull
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Skull. The skull is formed by the fusion of several bones that were separate during childhood. In adults, the skull is a solid structure composed of bones that have fused together at the sutures. These bones, such as the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital bones, gradually fuse as a person grows and develops. This fusion results in a protective and supportive structure for the brain and sensory organs. The fusion of separate bones into a single structure is a common feature in the development of the human skull.