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Which action by a nurse working at a community health center is an example of using the ACCESS model of transcultural care?
- A. Utilizing a standardized plan of care
- B. Developing the plan of care with the client
- C. Using a plan of care developed for a specific cultural group
- D. Collaborating with other nurses to develop the plan of care
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Developing the plan of care with the client. This aligns with the ACCESS model of transcultural care, which emphasizes collaboration between the healthcare provider and the client to develop a culturally sensitive and individualized plan of care. This approach recognizes the client as an active participant in their healthcare, promotes cultural competence, and ensures that the care provided is respectful of the client's beliefs and values.
Choice A is incorrect because utilizing a standardized plan of care may not take into account the client's unique cultural background. Choice C is incorrect as using a plan developed for a specific cultural group may not be applicable or relevant to the individual client. Choice D is incorrect as collaborating with other nurses, while important, does not specifically address the client's input in the care plan.
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A woman is sitting in a corner of the clinical waiting room, crying audibly. The nurse asks, "What's wrong? Can I help?" The woman responds, "They just told me I have a positive mammogram and I need to see my doctor for follow-up tests. I know I'm going to die of cancer. How can I tell my family?" Which of the following information does the nurse need to know in order to help the woman cope with this finding?
- A. The negative predictive value of mammography
- B. The positive predictive value of mammography
- C. The reliability of mammography
- D. The validity of mammography
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The negative predictive value of mammography. The nurse needs this information to help the woman cope because it indicates the probability that a negative mammogram truly indicates the absence of breast cancer. Knowing this value can provide reassurance to the woman that a positive mammogram doesn't definitively mean she has cancer. The other choices are incorrect because: B (Positive predictive value) focuses on the likelihood of cancer if the test is positive, which may increase the woman's anxiety. C (Reliability) refers to the consistency of results, but it doesn't directly address the woman's concerns about her health. D (Validity) assesses how well a test measures what it is supposed to measure, but it doesn't offer immediate reassurance to the woman in this emotional moment.
Two women seem to agree on almost everything from favorite music to favorite media stars to the best way to prepare a meal. Which of the following best explains this similarity in the two women?
- A. They are both members of the same birth cohort.
- B. They are close friends.
- C. They attended the same school.
- D. They both go the same church.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: They are both members of the same birth cohort. This is correct because individuals who belong to the same birth cohort are likely to share similar values, attitudes, and preferences due to experiencing similar societal events and influences during their formative years. This shared background can lead to similarities in tastes and opinions, such as favorite music and media stars.
Choice B: They are close friends, does not adequately explain the similarity as close friends may have different preferences. Choice C: They attended the same school, is not a strong enough factor to explain the wide range of similarities mentioned. Choice D: They both go to the same church, does not necessarily imply shared preferences in music or media.
A nurse is administering a tuberculosis skin test to a client who has AIDS. Which of the following
- A. Decreased positive predictive value
- B. Decreased reliability
- C. Decreased sensitivity
- D. Decreased specificity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased positive predictive value. In clients with AIDS, their compromised immune system can lead to false-negative results on the tuberculosis skin test. This decreases the test's ability to accurately predict the presence of tuberculosis if the result is positive. Choice B, decreased reliability, is not specific to the client's condition in this scenario. Choices C and D, decreased sensitivity and specificity, respectively, are not directly impacted by the client having AIDS and are more related to the test's overall performance characteristics.
Which action by a nurse promotes a welcoming environment for culturally diverse clients?
- A. Calling the client by the name on their birth certificate
- B. Using a family member to interpret for a client with LEP
- C. Displaying brochures and posters that represent diversity
- D. Providing a client's bill of rights in languages other than English
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because displaying brochures and posters that represent diversity promotes a welcoming environment for culturally diverse clients by showing inclusivity and respect for different backgrounds. This visual representation can help clients feel understood and valued. Calling a client by the name on their birth certificate (A) may not align with their preferred name and cultural identity. Using a family member to interpret (B) can lead to inaccuracies, breaches confidentiality, and hinders effective communication. Providing a client's bill of rights in different languages (D) is important but may not directly promote a welcoming environment as effectively as visual representation of diversity.
Making sure that essential community-oriented health services are available defines which of the
- A. Policy development
- B. Assessment
- C. Assurance
- D. Scientific knowledge-based care
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Policy development. Policy development involves creating guidelines and regulations to ensure essential community-oriented health services are available. This process outlines the necessary services and standards to meet community health needs. Assessment (B) involves collecting data to understand health issues, but doesn't ensure service availability. Assurance (C) focuses on enforcing policies and ensuring services are provided. Scientific knowledge-based care (D) pertains to evidence-based treatment, not service availability. Therefore, policy development is the most appropriate choice to define ensuring essential health services are available in the community.