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Which activity is an example of health promotion by the nurse
- A. Administering immunizations
- B. Giving a bedbath
- C. Preventing complications after an accident
- D. Performing diagnostic procedures
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Health promotion enhances well-being and prevents disease proactively administering immunizations (e.g., measles vaccine) exemplifies this, boosting immunity before illness strikes. Giving a bedbath is hygiene, not promotion supportive, not preventive. Preventing complications post-accident is tertiary prevention, managing existing issues, not promoting health preemptively. Diagnostic procedures (e.g., blood tests) detect, not promote assessment, not prevention. Immunizations align with health promotion's focus on empowering clients against disease, a core nursing role in public health, making this the standout example.
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When a client's skin is dry, which of the following nursing interventions would be most helpful?
- A. Limit bathing to once or twice a week.
- B. Bathing is daily, but no soap is used.
- C. Bathing daily with mineral oil added to the water.
- D. Bathing with lotion instead of water.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Limiting bathing to once or twice weekly prevents further drying of already dry skin, preserving natural oils. Daily bathing, even without soap or with oil, risks exacerbation, and lotion isn't a bath substitute. Nurses apply this to maintain skin integrity.
These are nursing intervention that requires knowledge, skills and expertise of multiple health professionals.
- A. Dependent
- B. Independent
- C. Interdependent
- D. Intradependent
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Interdependent interventions involve collaboration across health disciplines e.g., a nurse and dietician planning a high-protein diet for nephrotic syndrome. Unlike dependent (physician-ordered), independent (nurse-initiated), or intradependent (non-existent), these require shared expertise, ensuring comprehensive care. This teamwork, common in complex cases, leverages diverse skills for optimal outcomes, a staple in multidisciplinary healthcare settings.
This is the best patient care model when there are many nurses but few patients.
- A. Functional nursing
- B. Team nursing
- C. Primary nursing
- D. Total patient care
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Total patient care excels with many nurses and few patients, allowing each nurse to fully address one client's needs e.g., bathing, meds, education. Functional nursing assigns tasks (e.g., one nurse for vitals), team nursing divides labor, and primary nursing focuses continuity, but ample staffing makes total care ideal. For instance, a nurse can devote time to a single ICU patient, optimizing outcomes. This model leverages resources for intensive, individualized attention, enhancing care quality in such scenarios.
A client who recently underwent a coronary artery bypass graft is taking furosemide and metoprolol following the procedure. While developing a plan for a heart-healthy diet with the nurse, the client states that diet did not contribute to the heart disease and that the client should be fine just continuing to take the medications. According to the Stages of Change Model, which stage of change is the client in related to diet?
- A. Precontemplation
- B. Contemplation
- C. Preparation
- D. Maintenance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Stages of Change Model tracks behavior shift, and this client's denial of diet's role in heart disease places them in precontemplation. Here, individuals show no intent to change within six months, often resisting evidence like diet's link to atherosclerosis clinging to beliefs that meds alone suffice. Contemplation involves considering change, preparation plans it, and maintenance sustains it none apply, as the client isn't pondering dietary shifts. This stage reflects unawareness or defiance, common post-surgery when focusing on recovery, not prevention. Nursing must gently challenge this, using education like explaining sodium's impact on heart strain to nudge awareness, critical for moving them toward contemplation and eventual heart-healthy habits, preventing further cardiac issues.
The second step in implementation of evidence-based practice includes systematic review. To complete a systematic review of the literature, what must the nurse do?
- A. Ask a question about a clinical practice
- B. Summarize findings from multiple studies that are related to a particular nursing practice
- C. Recommend best practice
- D. Complete a meta-analysis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In evidence-based practice (EBP), the second step after posing a question is a systematic review, where the nurse summarizes findings from multiple studies on a specific nursing practice like pain relief methods. This involves synthesizing data from diverse sources, assessing consistency, and identifying patterns, not just asking a question (step one) or recommending practice (later step). A meta-analysis, a statistical synthesis, may follow but isn't required here. Systematic review builds a comprehensive evidence base, revealing what works e.g., studies showing non-opioid pain options reduce side effects setting the stage for appraisal and application. It's meticulous, reducing bias by including all relevant research, ensuring nurses ground decisions in a broad, reliable overview rather than isolated findings, critical for effective, patient-centered care.