Nokea
Which additional finding confirms the diagnosis that the patient has mastitis?
- A. Enlarged glands in the axilla
- B. Normal temperature
- C. Engorged both breasts
- D. Hard mass and reddened area
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A hard mass and a reddened area on one breast are key clinical signs that confirm the diagnosis of mastitis. Mastitis is an infection of the breast tissue that often presents with localized redness, warmth, and swelling of the breast. The presence of a hard mass along with the other symptoms suggests inflammation and infection within the breast tissue. In contrast, the other findings such as enlarged glands in the axilla, normal temperature, and engorged breasts are not specific findings for mastitis and may be present in other conditions. Therefore, the presence of a hard mass and reddened area on one breast is the additional finding that strongly confirms the diagnosis of mastitis in this case.
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Nurse Crissel also asked the participants if they got to know the transmission of HIV based from her lecture? Which is NOT correct?
- A. Accidental blood exposure
- B. Kissing
- C. Unprotected sex
- D. Mother to child transmission
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nurse Crissel likely informed the participants that HIV is not casually transmitted through activities like kissing. HIV transmission primarily occurs through activities that involve the exchange of bodily fluids, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. Accidental blood exposure, unprotected sex, and mother to child transmission are known routes of HIV transmission due to the direct exchange of bodily fluids containing the virus. However, the virus is not spread through saliva, including activities like kissing, which do not involve the exchange of significant amounts of bodily fluids.
A patient with a history of heart failure is prescribed lisinopril for blood pressure management. Which adverse effect is most commonly associated with lisinopril therapy?
- A. Hyperkalemia
- B. Hypertension
- C. Dry cough
- D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dry cough is the most commonly reported adverse effect associated with lisinopril therapy. Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor, and the mechanism behind the cough is not completely understood but is thought to be related to the accumulation of bradykinin and substance P. This annoying dry cough can be a persistent issue for some patients on lisinopril, and it typically resolves once the medication is discontinued. Patients who experience this side effect should not ignore it and should consult their healthcare provider for further evaluation and possible alternative medication options. Hyperkalemia, hypertension, and bradycardia are not commonly associated adverse effects of lisinopril therapy.
When nurses are projected in a television advertisement as sex symbols, what APPROPRIATE action is expected from a concerned nurse?
- A. Keep your silence, it is the television station 's prerogative.
- B. Go to the street to manifest displeasure of the nurse's portrayal.
- C. Make a position paper to denounce the advertisement
- D. Condemn the issue in the radio program.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most appropriate action for a concerned nurse when nurses are projected as sex symbols in a television advertisement is to make a position paper to denounce the advertisement. This approach allows the nurse to voice their concerns in a formal and professional manner. By creating a position paper, the nurse can clearly outline why the portrayal is inappropriate and advocate for more respectful representations of nursing in the media. This action is constructive, proactive, and focuses on initiating change through advocacy and education. It is a thoughtful and strategic way to address the issue and raise awareness about the importance of respecting the nursing profession.
A patient presents with a yellowish-white spot on the cornea, surrounded by a ring of inflammation. Slit-lamp examination reveals branching, filamentous opacities extending from the corneal lesion. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Herpes simplex keratitis
- B. Bacterial keratitis
- C. Fungal keratitis
- D. Acanthamoeba keratitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The described presentation of a yellowish-white spot on the cornea with a ring of inflammation, along with branching, filamentous opacities extending from the corneal lesion, is characteristic of fungal keratitis. Fungal keratitis typically presents with these specific features on clinical examination.
A postpartum client reports feeling emotional and tearful despite no apparent physical discomfort. What nursing intervention should be prioritized to address the client's emotional well-being?
- A. Providing opportunities for rest and sleep
- B. Educating the client about the "baby blues" phenomenon
- C. Encouraging the client to engage in self-care activities
- D. Referring the client to a mental health professional
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Educating the client about the "baby blues" phenomenon should be prioritized as it is a common occurrence that happens to many women after giving birth. The "baby blues" refer to feelings of sadness, irritability, and tearfulness that many new mothers experience due to hormonal changes and the stress of adjusting to motherhood. By understanding that these feelings are a normal part of the postpartum period and that they usually resolve on their own within a few weeks, the client may feel reassured and supported. Providing information and support can help the client cope with these emotions and reduce any anxiety or distress they may be feeling. If the client's emotional state does not improve or becomes more severe, further intervention such as referring to a mental health professional may be necessary. But initially, education and reassurance about the "baby blues" can be an effective nursing intervention to address the client's emotional well-being.