Nokea
Which adult should the nurse plan to teach about risks associated with obesity?
- A. Man who has a BMI of 18 kg/m2
- B. Man with a 42 in waist and 44 in hips
- C. Woman who has a body mass index (BMI) of 24 kg/m2
- D. Woman with a waist circumference of 34 inches (86 cm)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because a waist circumference of 42 inches in men signifies abdominal obesity, which is a significant risk factor for health issues related to obesity. A high waist circumference indicates excess visceral fat, which is linked to heart disease and other health problems.
Choice A is incorrect because a BMI of 18 kg/m2 indicates underweight, not obesity.
Choice C is incorrect because a BMI of 24 kg/m2 falls within the healthy weight range, not indicating obesity.
Choice D is incorrect because a waist circumference of 34 inches in women is considered normal, not indicative of obesity.
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A client with ulcerative colitis, who experiences severe diarrhea, is prescribed a cleansing enema to relieve the symptoms. Which of the following interventions should the nurse consider at this stage?
- A. Question the physician about the use of the cleansing enema
- B. Educate the client about the procedure of cleansing enema
- C. Position the client comfortably to receive the cleansing enema
- D. Instruct the client to visit the toilet before receiving the enema
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Question the physician about the use of the cleansing enema. In this scenario, the nurse should question the physician because administering a cleansing enema to a client with ulcerative colitis and severe diarrhea can potentially exacerbate the condition. The nurse needs to verify if the enema is the appropriate intervention and if there are alternative treatments that may be safer and more effective.
Summary:
- Choice B: Educating the client about the procedure does not address the potential risks of administering the enema.
- Choice C: Positioning the client comfortably is important but does not address the appropriateness of the enema.
- Choice D: Instructing the client to visit the toilet before the enema does not address the potential risks associated with the procedure.
The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
- A. esophagus
- B. liver
- C. stomach
- D. small intestine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: liver. The liver is not part of the gastrointestinal tract. The GI tract consists of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine, where digestion and absorption of nutrients occur. The liver is an accessory organ that aids in digestion by producing bile but is not part of the tract itself. The liver is involved in detoxification, storage of nutrients, and production of important proteins, but it does not play a direct role in the digestion process. Therefore, the liver is the correct answer.
The following belong together except which one?
- A. small intestine
- B. large intestine
- C. plicae circulares
- D. crypts of Lieberkuhn
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: large intestine. The small intestine, plicae circulares, and crypts of Lieberkuhn are all structures found in the small intestine, involved in absorption and digestion. The large intestine is a separate part of the digestive system primarily responsible for water absorption and waste elimination. Therefore, it does not belong with the other choices related to the small intestine.
Which of the following organs is supported by a layer of adventitia rather than serosa?
- A. esophagus
- B. stomach
- C. small intestine
- D. large intestine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: esophagus. The esophagus is supported by a layer of adventitia, which is a connective tissue layer, instead of serosa, a serous membrane. The esophagus is located in the thoracic cavity, where it is surrounded by connective tissue rather than a serous membrane like the other choices. The stomach, small intestine, and large intestine are all intraperitoneal organs, meaning they are covered by a serosa layer. The esophagus, being a retroperitoneal organ, lacks a serosa layer and is instead supported by adventitia. This structural difference is important for understanding the anatomy and function of these organs.
Which one of the connective tissue sheets listed below consists of two layers of serous membranes with a thin layer of connective tissue between them and attaches to the small intestine?
- A. lesser omentum
- B. mesentery proper
- C. greater omentum
- D. falciform ligament
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: mesentery proper. The mesentery proper consists of two layers of serous membranes with a thin layer of connective tissue between them, and it attaches to the small intestine. This structure provides support and allows for movement of the small intestine.
A: The lesser omentum attaches the stomach to the liver, not the small intestine.
C: The greater omentum is a large apron-like structure that hangs down from the stomach and covers the intestines, but it does not specifically attach to the small intestine.
D: The falciform ligament attaches the liver to the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall, not the small intestine.