Nokea
Which age group does acromegaly most commonly affect?
- A. 30-50 years
- B. 10-25 years
- C. 55-70 years
- D. 25-40 years
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acromegaly most commonly affects individuals in the age group of 30-50 years. This condition is typically diagnosed in adults between these ages. Acromegaly is often caused by the overproduction of growth hormone in adults, which leads to excessive bone growth and tissue expansion. While acromegaly can develop at any age, it is more commonly seen in adults within the 30-50 age range.
You may also like to solve these questions
Myxoedema is characterized by all except:
- A. Butterfly rash in face
- B. Sinus bradycardia
- C. Solid oedema
- D. Madarosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Myxoedema is a term used to describe severe hypothyroidism. The characteristic features of myxoedema include sinus bradycardia (choice B), solid oedema (choice C), and madarosis (choice D), which refers to loss of eyebrows and eyelashes. However, a butterfly rash is not a typical feature of myxoedema. A butterfly rash is commonly associated with conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus rather than myxoedema.
Which of the following causes of Cushing's syndrome does the phrase "Cushing's disease" specifically refer to?
- A. Iatrogenic
- B. Ectopic ACTH production
- C. Pituitary adenoma
- D. Adrenal adenoma
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The phrase "Cushing's disease" specifically refers to the cause of Cushing's syndrome that is due to an ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma. In this specific case, the excess production of ACTH leads to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and oversecretion of cortisol. It is important to differentiate between Cushing's syndrome caused by a pituitary adenoma (Cushing's disease) and other causes such as adrenal adenomas, ectopic ACTH production, or iatrogenic sources.
Which of the following lung cancers is most commonly associated with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?
- A. Squamous cell carcinoma
- B. Small cell (oat cell) carcinoma
- C. Large cell carcinoma
- D. Adenocarcinoma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Small cell (oat cell) carcinoma of the lung is most commonly associated with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). This paraneoplastic syndrome occurs in patients with small cell lung cancer due to the production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the tumor cells. The excessive release of ADH leads to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia, causing symptoms such as nausea, confusion, seizures, and potentially life-threatening complications. Other types of lung cancer, such as squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma, are less commonly associated with SIADH.
In a patient with centripetal obesity, acne and hirsutism. The most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Cushing's syndrome
- B. Diabetes mellitus
- C. Hypogonadism
- D. Hypothyroidism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Centripetal obesity, acne, and hirsutism are classic features of Cushing's syndrome. Cushing's syndrome results from prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol, which can be due to various causes such as adrenal tumors, pituitary adenomas, or exogenous glucocorticoid use. Centripetal obesity refers to the characteristic fat distribution pattern seen in Cushing's syndrome, where fat accumulates mainly in the face, neck, and trunk while sparing the limbs. Acne and hirsutism are also commonly seen in Cushing's syndrome due to the hormonal imbalances caused by excess cortisol. Testing for serum cortisol levels, dexamethasone suppression tests, and imaging studies can help confirm the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome in a patient presenting with these symptoms.
Myxoedema coma is characterized by:
- A. Hypertension
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Euthermia
- D. Hypoventilation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Myxoedema coma is a severe form of hypothyroidism that can lead to the slowing down of various body functions, including reduced heart rate (bradycardia). As the condition progresses and the body's metabolism becomes more depressed, one of the compensatory mechanisms is an increase in heart rate (tachycardia) to try to maintain adequate tissue perfusion. Therefore, tachycardia is a characteristic feature of myxoedema coma, rather than hypertension or euthermia which are not typically associated with this condition. Hypoventilation is also a common feature of myxoedema coma due to the decreased metabolic rate and respiratory drive.