Nokea
Which animal is least associated with rabies?
- A. dogs
- B. skunks
- C. foxes
- D. rats
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rabies dogs, skunks, foxes, bats bite big; rats rarely tag along. Nurses eye this chronic zoonotic crew.
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In which of these do you see clue cells?
- A. trichomonas vaginalis
- B. bacterial vaginosis
- C. candida
- D. HSV 2
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clue cells BV's fishy flag, not trich's swim, candida's yeast, HSV's sores, or syphilis' chancre. Nurses scope this chronic hint.
The nurse caring for oncology clients knows that which form of metastasis is the most common?
- A. Bloodborne
- B. Direct invasion
- C. Lymphatic spread
- D. Via bone marrow
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Metastasis is the process by which cancer spreads from its original site to distant parts of the body, a critical concern in oncology nursing. Among the various mechanisms, bloodborne metastasis is the most common, as cancer cells often enter the bloodstream and travel to organs like the lungs, liver, or brain. This occurs because the circulatory system provides an efficient pathway for tumor cells to disseminate widely, especially in cancers like breast or lung cancer. Lymphatic spread is also frequent, particularly in carcinomas, where cells travel via lymph nodes, but it is less dominant than bloodborne spread across all cancer types. Direct invasion involves cancer growing into adjacent tissues, which is a local process rather than true metastasis. Bone marrow is not a medium for metastasis but a potential site where cancer can settle, such as in leukemia or multiple myeloma. Understanding that bloodborne metastasis predominates helps nurses prioritize monitoring for systemic symptoms and complications, such as organ dysfunction, in clients with advanced cancer.
The nurse is arriving at the beginning of her shift and has taken report on four clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which client should the nurse see first?
- A. A client with pain that is two days post-operative from a prostatectomy
- B. A client ready for discharge education after treatment of an acute kidney injury
- C. A client with hypertension with a blood pressure of 172/92 mm Hg
- D. A client with a history of asthma complaining of increased dyspnea
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Asthma's increased dyspnea flags airway risk ABCs prioritize breathing, as bronchospasm could crash fast, needing nebulizers or oxygen. Post-op pain's manageable, discharge education waits, hypertension's high but stable. Nurses hit dyspnea first, ensuring airflow, a life-first call in this shift-start triage.
Foam cells are a prominent feature of atherosclerosis. Question: Foam cells develop as a result of which of the following options?
- A. Uptake of LDL in macrophages
- B. Uptake of LDL by LDL-R
- C. Uptake of ox-LDL by scavenger receptors
- D. Uptake of LDL by scavenger receptors
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Foam cells ox-LDL via scavenger receptors stuff macrophages, not plain LDL or LDL-R. Nurses see this, a chronic plaque birth.
Cholesterol contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of NASH via which mechanism?
- A. Reduction of steatosis
- B. Increase of steatosis
- C. Increase of inflammation
- D. Increase of the feeling of satiety
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cholesterol stokes NASH inflammation rises, not steatosis alone or satiety shifts. A chronic fire feeder nurses link this to liver woes.