Nokea
Which antibiotic is not recommended as first line therapy for the associated bug?
- A. legionella - erythromycin
- B. chlamydia psittaci - doxycycline
- C. chlamydia pneumoniae - doxycycline
- D. mycoplasma pneumoniae - roxithromycin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chlamydia pneumoniae doxycycline's gold, not erythromycin, roxi, or others mispaired. Nurses tweak this chronic lung fix.
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On a population level, differences can be observed between the body composition of people with and people without a disturbed glucose tolerance. Question: Which of the following options describes the body composition of overweight people with a disturbed glucose tolerance compared to that of healthy people without overweight?
- A. More adipose tissue and similar muscle mass
- B. More adipose tissue and less muscle mass
- C. More adipose tissue and more muscle mass
- D. More adipose tissue and less muscle mass, including a change in the ratio of different types of muscle fibres
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucose tolerance tanks overweight pile fat, lose muscle, not same or more, no fibre shift specifics. Nurses see this, a chronic lean loss.
Which of the following statements regarding dietary approaches to obesity treatment is TRUE?
- A. Dietary approaches are not as important as pharmacological approaches
- B. Carbohydrates have a greater satiating effect compared with proteins and fats, especially in individuals with prediabetes and obesity
- C. Intermittent fasting has consistently shown superior weight loss to very-low calorie and ketogenic diets as it is the easiest to adhere to
- D. Patient preference of dietary interventions plays a key part in adherence and ultimately weight loss and maintenance
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dietary approaches to obesity vary, but patient preference significantly influences adherence and long-term weight loss success, per behavioral studies making this true. Pharmacological approaches complement, not overshadow, diet. Proteins/fats are more satiating than carbohydrates, especially in prediabetes/obesity. Intermittent fasting's superiority isn't consistent adherence varies, not universally easier than ketogenic or very-low calorie diets. Preference drives sustainability, key for physicians tailoring chronic obesity interventions.
What is essential in an ecological approach to health behaviour?
- A. People should be approached in their natural environment
- B. People learn behaviour in a layered environment
- C. People aim to find a balance between risk and health
- D. If it is beneficial to one's health, it is also sustainable
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ecological health layered worlds shape acts, not just spots, balance, or green wins. Nurses weave this, a chronic context web.
A patient undergoing external radiation has developed a dry desquamation of the skin in the treatment area. The nurse teaches the patient about the management of the skin reaction. Which statement, if made by the patient, indicates the teaching was effective?
- A. I can use ice packs to relieve itching.
- B. I will scrub the area with warm water.
- C. I can buy aloe vera gel to use on my skin.
- D. I will expose my skin to a sun lamp each day.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dry desquamation flaky, itchy radiated skin loves aloe vera; it soothes without gunking up or infecting. Ice burns it; scrubbing rips it; sun lamps torch it worse. Nurses in oncology teach this gentle, natural relief keeps skin sane through radiation's rough ride, a patient win if they get it.
During general anaesthesia for orthognathic surgery:
- A. A head-down supine position is popular to minimize the risk of airway soiling.
- B. Lidocaine with adrenaline 1:80000 is used for infiltration.
- C. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are avoided even after haemostasis is achieved.
- D. Blocks of both mandibular and maxillary nerves are possible and useful.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Anaesthesia for orthognathic surgery balances airway and bleeding risks. Head-up positioning, not head-down, reduces venous congestion and airway soiling from blood head-down risks aspiration. Lidocaine with adrenaline (typically 1:80,000-1:200,000) minimizes bleeding via vasoconstriction, a standard infiltration. NSAIDs are used post-haemostasis for analgesia, not universally avoided, unless bleeding risk persists. Mandibular and maxillary nerve blocks (e.g., V2, V3) reduce opioid needs and enhance pain control, leveraging regional anaesthesia's precision in jaw surgery. Propofol TIVA may improve recovery versus volatiles, per studies, but isn't definitive. Nerve blocks' utility optimizes perioperative pain management, critical in extensive osteotomies.