Nokea
Which of the following would predispose a client to mitral stenosis?
- A. Obesity
- B. Rheumatic fever
- C. Intravenous drug use
- D. Diabetes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mitral stenosis narrows the valve rheumatic fever's scarring, from streptococcal aftermath, is the prime culprit, stiffening leaflets over years. Obesity, IV drug use (tied to endocarditis), or diabetes don't directly scar valves. Nurses link rheumatic history to this, watching for dyspnea or murmurs, a legacy of infection shaping this cardiac bottleneck.
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The nurse is assessing a 3-year-old child whose mother complains that he is listless and has been having trouble swallowing. Which of the following findings would suggest the child has a brain tumor?
- A. Observation reveals nystagmus and head tilt
- B. Vital signs show blood pressure measures 120/80
- C. Examination shows temperature of 38.5°C and headache
- D. Observation reveals a cough and labored breathing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Brain tumors in young children often cause neurological signs from mass effect or increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Nystagmus (involuntary eye movement) and head tilt suggest cerebellar or brainstem involvement, common in pediatric brain tumors like medulloblastoma, disrupting coordination and posture key findings in a listless child with swallowing issues (possibly cranial nerve dysfunction). Blood pressure of 120/80 is elevated but lacks widened pulse pressure typical of ICP; it's non-specific without context. Fever and headache might indicate meningitis, not a tumor, unless paired with focal signs. Cough and labored breathing point to respiratory issues, not neurological ones. Nurses noting nystagmus and tilt prompt urgent imaging, critical in pediatric oncology for diagnosing brain tumors early and preventing further deterioration.
Strategies to overcome barriers and challenges faced in insulin therapy include the following EXCEPT:
- A. Close supervision for the patient's first jab
- B. Threaten patient into adherence with insulin therapy
- C. Engage patient from the start
- D. Offer the least painful options currently available in the market
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin wins guide first shots, engage early, ease pain, set sharp goals; threats flop, breed resentment. Nurses coach this chronic game, not bully.
Which of these pulmonary conditions is most likely to be seen with a CD4 count between 200 and 500 ?
- A. pulmonary TB
- B. CMV
- C. PCP
- D. Kaposi sarcoma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: CD4 200-500 TB sneaks in, lungs ripe before deeper drops. CMV, PCP crave <200; Kaposi's skin-first; cryptococcus hits brains more. Nurses clock TB's early strike, a chronic lung foe at this immune ledge.
What is essential in an ecological approach to health behaviour?
- A. People should be approached in their natural environment
- B. People learn behaviour in a layered environment
- C. People aim to find a balance between risk and health
- D. If it is beneficial to one's health, it is also sustainable
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ecological health layered worlds shape acts, not just spots, balance, or green wins. Nurses weave this, a chronic context web.
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? The treatment of diabetes in traditional Chinese medicine involves
- A. Formula for Diabetes (Xiaoke Fang) for the Upper Type: Heat in the Lung which consumes Body Fluid
- B. Jade Maid Decoction (Yunu Jiang) for the Middle Type: excessive Heat in the Stomach
- C. Six Ingredients Rehmannia Pill (Liuwei Dihuang Wan) for the Lower Type: excessive of Kidney Yin and excessive of Yin and Yang
- D. Yam (Dioscorea opposita)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Traditional Chinese diabetes care Upper, Middle, Lower types nails Lung heat, Stomach fire, but Kidney's Yin deficiency, not excess Yin-Yang, flops. Xiaoke Fang, Yunu Jiang fit; Liuwei Dihuang Wan balances, doesn't overdo; yam's a lone root, not typed. Clinicians spot this, a chronic TCM misstep.