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Which antiepileptic drug does not act as GABA agonist?
- A. Phenytoin
- B. Sodium valproate
- C. Diazepam
- D. Phenbarbitone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Phenytoin blocks sodium channels, not GABA-related.
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A pharmaceutical lab states that a drug causes negative side effects in 3 of every 100 patients. To confirm this affirmation, another laboratory chooses 5 people at random who have consumed the drug. What is the probability that none of the five patients experience side effects?
- A. 0.8687
- B. 0.1313
- C. 0.00847
- D. 0.0003
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Using the binomial distribution with n=5, p=0.03, and q=0.97, the probability of zero side effects is calculated as P(X=0) = (5 choose 0) * 0.97^5 = 0.8687, as shown in the document.
The MMR vaccine is not recommended for pregnant women because:
- A. Pregnant women do not build adequate immunity to the vaccine
- B. There is a risk of the pregnant women developing measles encephalopathy
- C. There is a risk of the fetus developing congenital rubella syndrome
- D. Pregnant women can receive the MMR vaccine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: MMR (live vaccine) risks fetal congenital rubella syndrome ; pregnancy contraindicates it, not immunity or encephalopathy .
You are discussing your patient's drug regimen with their primary care provider. The patient has seen two specialists since seeing the primary care provider and been diagnosed with renal impairment. Why would this be important information? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Help promote a safe and effective medication regimen
- B. Help prevent medication errors
- C. So the physician can answer family questions
- D. Help prevent adverse effects
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Renal impairment affects drug clearance, making this information vital to prevent errors , adverse effects , and ensure safety/efficacy . Keeping everyone informed and answering family questions are secondary.
Which of the following is natural glucocorticoid:
- A. Cortisol
- B. Prednisolon
- C. Dexamethasone
- D. Triamcinolone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cortisol is the primary natural glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal glands, unlike the others which are synthetic.
To reduce potential adverse effects, patients taking a peripherally acting alpha1 antagonist should do all of the following EXCEPT:
- A. Take the dose at bedtime
- B. Sit up slowly and dangle their feet before standing
- C. Monitor their blood pressure and skip a dose if the pressure is less than 120/80
- D. Weigh daily and report weight gain of greater than 2 pounds in one day
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Skipping doses based on blood pressure is not recommended; it risks uncontrolled hypertension.