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Which are appropriate considerations when the nurse is assessing the learning needs of a patient?
- A. Cultural background
- B. Family history
- C. Level of education
- D. Readiness to learn
- E. Health beliefs
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Family history is not a part of what the nurse considers when assessing learning needs. The other options are appropriate to consider when the nurse is assessing learning needs.
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The nurse is reviewing the teaching plan for a clinic patient who was seen for a sinus infection. Which of these outcomes reflect the affective domain of learning?
- A. The patient will take the prescribed antibiotic for the full 14 days of the prescription.
- B. The patient will demonstrate correct nasal spray self-administration.
- C. The patient will list signs and symptoms that need to be reported immediately if they occur.
- D. The patient will list measures to take to reduce allergy triggers at home.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The affective domain is the most intangible component of the learning process. Affective behavior is conduct that expresses feelings, needs, beliefs, values, and opinions. Adhering to the prescribed medication regimen is an example of the affective domain. Demonstrating nasal spray self-administration reflects the psychomotor domain; listing signs and symptoms or measures to take both reflect the cognitive domain.
During an admission assessment, the nurse discovers that the patient does not speak English. Which is considered the ideal resource for translation?
- A. A family member of the patient
- B. A close family friend of the patient
- C. A translator who does not know the patient
- D. Prewritten note cards with both English and the patient's language
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should communicate with the patient in the patient's native language if at all possible. If the nurse is not able to speak the patient's native language, a translator should be made available so as to prevent communication problems, minimize errors, and help boost the patient's level of trust and understanding of the nurse. In practice, this translator may be another nurse or health care professional, a nonprofessional member of the health care team, or a layperson, family member, adult friend, or religious leader or associate. However, it is best to avoid family members as translators, if possible, because of issues with bias, misinterpretation, and potential confidentiality issues.
The nurse is setting up a teaching session with an 85-year-old patient who will be going home on anticoagulant therapy. Which educational strategy would reflect consideration of the age-related changes that may exist with this patient?
- A. Show a video about anticoagulation therapy.
- B. Present all the information in one session just before discharge.
- C. Give the patient pamphlets about the medications to read at home.
- D. Develop large-print handouts that reflect the verbal information presented.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Developing large-print handouts addresses altered perception in two ways. First, by using visual aids to reinforce verbal instructions, one addresses the possibility of decreased ability to hear high-frequency sounds. By developing the handouts in large print, one addresses the possibility of decreased visual acuity. Showing a video does not allow discussion of the information; furthermore, the text and print may be small and difficult to read and understand. Presenting all the information in one session before discharge also does not allow for discussion, and the patient may not be able to hear or see the information sufficiently. Because of the possibility of decreased short-term memory and slowed cognitive function, simply giving pamphlets to read without other teaching strategies may not be appropriate.
The nurse is developing a care plan for a patient who will be self-administering a metered-dose inhaler. Which statement reflects a measurable outcome?
- A. The patient will know about self-administration of a metered-dose inhaler.
- B. The patient will understand the principles of self-administration of a metered-dose inhaler.
- C. The patient will demonstrate the proper technique of self-administering a metered-dose inhaler.
- D. The patient will comprehend the proper technique of self-administering a metered-dose inhaler.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The word demonstrate is a measurable verb, and measurable terms should be used when developing goals and outcome criteria statements. The other options are incorrect because the terms know, understand, and comprehend are not measurable terms.
The nurse is teaching an older patient about the use of an incentive spirometer after surgery. Which of these age-related changes are appropriate for the nurse to consider when teaching older patients?
- A. Decreased sense of touch
- B. Increased conduction of sound
- C. Decreased cognitive function
- D. Decreased short-term memory
- E. Increased ability to concentrate
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: Age-related changes in older adults that may affect learning include a decreased sense of touch, decreased cognitive function, and decreased short-term memory. Sound conduction and ability to concentrate are also decreased.