Nokea
Which are modifiable risk factors for diseases?
- A. Smoking
- B. Diet high in fat
- C. Genetic makeup
- D. Age and gender
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: Smoking (A) and a high-fat diet (B) are behaviors that can be changed, unlike genetic makeup (C) or age and gender (D), which are non-modifiable.
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Which of the following could be classified as stressors?
- A. Getting married
- B. Receiving a promotion at work
- C. Losing a loved one
- D. Having a much-wanted baby
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: All listed events?getting married, receiving a promotion, losing a loved one, and having a baby?are significant life changes that can cause stress, regardless of whether they are positive or negative.
Which are included in determining a person's health literacy?
- A. Assess the patient's ability to comprehend health-care information and use it to make decisions.
- B. Use a specific tool, such as an ice cream label, to assess the ability to use numbers and make calculations.
- C. Ask the patient to determine if it would be safe to eat the ice cream if he or she were allergic to certain substances.
- D. Ask the patient to read and define a list of common medical terms used to explain illnesses and treatments.
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: Health literacy involves understanding and using healthcare information (A), assessing safety based on health conditions like allergies (C), and comprehending medical terms (D). Using an ice cream label for numerical calculations (B) is not a standard method.
A patient is extremely stressed and decides to decrease some of her responsibilities outside of her family and job. She resigns from being PTA president and from being a Scout leader, as well as saying 'no' to some church and social obligations. This is an example of using:
- A. negative coping strategies.
- B. minimization.
- C. dissociation.
- D. positive coping strategies.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reducing responsibilities to manage stress is a positive coping strategy, as it helps the individual prioritize and reduce overwhelming demands.
You are working with a 28-year-old patient who drinks heavily and smokes two packs of cigarettes per day for stress relief. He tells you that his job is stressful because he works with 'stupid people' and that his relationship with his girlfriend is often tumultuous. He says he has only hit her 'once or twice' but says that they yell at one another often. He is overweight by about 40 pounds and mostly eats fast food. Which of the LHIs would you consider to be concerns for this patient?
- A. Access to health services
- B. Injury and violence
- C. Mental health
- D. Nutrition, physical fitness, and obesity
- E. Oral health
- F. Substance abuse
- G. Tobacco
Correct Answer: B,C,D,F,G
Rationale: The patient's behaviors and circumstances indicate concerns with injury and violence (B, due to physical altercations), mental health (C, due to stress and unhealthy coping), nutrition and obesity (D, due to fast food and weight), substance abuse (F, due to heavy drinking), and tobacco use (G, due to smoking).
An individual has been to his health-care provider for complaints of back pain and was informed that he has a bulging vertebral disk. He must now decide whether he wants to see a chiropractor for treatment, obtain a second opinion, or follow the instructions of this health-care provider. This individual is in which of the phases of illness?
- A. Prodromal phase
- B. Dependency phase
- C. Seeking help phase
- D. Recovery phase
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The seeking help phase involves consulting healthcare providers and making decisions about treatment, as described in the scenario.