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Which aspect of a biological system explains why a protein's unique shape determines what it does?
- A. Patterns of Inheritance.
- B. Taxonomy.
- C. Structure and function.
- D. Scientific method.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
C is correct because structure and function are closely related in biology. A protein's unique shape determines its function due to the specific arrangement of amino acids, influencing its interactions with other molecules. A and B are irrelevant to the relationship between a protein's shape and its function. The scientific method is a process for conducting experiments, not directly related to the physical properties of proteins.
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Among all the molecules significant to biology, which of the following are considered the most important?
- A. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and nucleic acids
- B. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and calcium
- C. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and sulfur
- D. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and iron
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and nucleic acids. These four types of molecules are crucial to biological systems. Carbohydrates provide energy and structural support, lipids serve as energy storage and cell membrane components, proteins have diverse functions in cells, and nucleic acids carry genetic information. While the other choices may have biological importance, nucleic acids play a fundamental role in storing and transmitting genetic information, making them essential in the context of biology.
A plant cell is placed in a solution and it shrinks from water loss. In what type of environment was the cell placed?
- A. Plasmolytic
- B. Hypertonic.
- C. Hypotonic.
- D. Isosmotic.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Hypertonic
Rationale:
1. A hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell, causing water to move out of the cell by osmosis.
2. Water loss results in the cell shrinking, as observed in this scenario.
3. Plasmolytic refers to the process of cytoplasm shrinking due to water loss in a hypertonic environment.
4. Hypotonic and isosmotic environments would not cause the cell to shrink from water loss.
In a population of dogs, fur color is determined by two alleles: black (B) and tan (b). The black allele shows complete dominance. If a dog has tan fur, what is its genotype?
- A. BB
- B. Bb
- C. bb
- D. Not enough information
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When a dog has tan fur, it indicates that it has two recessive alleles for tan fur, which is represented as bb. Since black (B) is dominant over tan (b), the genotype of a dog with tan fur must be bb.
Human cells need oxygen for respiration. What system of the body is responsible for transporting an oxygen molecule to different locations throughout the body?
- A. Skeletal.
- B. Lymphatic.
- C. Respiratory.
- D. Circulatory.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
In a Punnett square, a capital letter represents what type of allele?
- A. Dominant.
- B. Ryeesive.
- C. Homozygous.
- D. Heterozygous.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A: Dominant.
Rationale:
1. In a Punnett square, capital letters denote dominant alleles.
2. Dominant alleles are expressed in the phenotype over recessive alleles.
3. This representation helps predict the possible offspring genotypes.
4. Choice B is incorrect as it's a misspelling of 'Recessive.'
5. Choices C and D refer to genotype combinations, not allele types.
Summary:
The capital letter in a Punnett square signifies a dominant allele that will be expressed in the offspring's phenotype. This helps in predicting genetic outcomes accurately.