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Which best describes the role of a community health nurse in promoting health?
- A. Advocating for health policy changes
- B. Providing direct care to individuals and families
- C. Educating the community about healthy lifestyles
- D. Conducting research on community health issues
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because advocating for health policy changes is a key role of community health nurses in promoting health at a population level. They work to influence policies that address social determinants of health and improve overall community well-being. Providing direct care (B) is more aligned with clinical nursing roles. Educating the community (C) is important but not the primary role of a community health nurse. Conducting research (D) may inform practice but is not the primary function of promoting health in the community.
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Which best describes the social determinants of health?
- A. Factors such as genetics and individual behavior
- B. Conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age
- C. Availability of health services and technology
- D. Access to health care services
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because social determinants of health refer to the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age, which significantly impact their health outcomes. These factors include socioeconomic status, education, neighborhood environment, employment, and social support. Genetics and individual behavior (choice A) are important but only part of the broader determinants. Availability of health services and technology (choice C) and access to health care services (choice D) are important but do not encompass the full range of social determinants that influence health.
Which statement is incorrect regarding an informed consent signed by a patient?
- A. The nurse is responsible for obtaining the consent for surgery
- B. Patients under 18 years of age may need a parent or legal guardian to sign a consent form
- C. The nurse can witness the client signing the consent form
- D. It is the nurse's responsibility to ensure the patient has been educated by the physician about the procedure before informed consent is obtained
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it is incorrect to state that the nurse is responsible for obtaining the consent for surgery. Informed consent for surgery is typically obtained by the physician performing the procedure, not the nurse. Nurses can assist in the process by providing information and clarifying details, but ultimately it is the physician's responsibility to ensure the patient understands the procedure and consents to it.
Choice B is correct as minors under 18 years of age generally require a parent or legal guardian to sign a consent form on their behalf. Choice C is correct as nurses can witness the client signing the consent form as a part of the process. Choice D is also correct as it is indeed the nurse's responsibility to ensure the patient has been educated by the physician before obtaining informed consent.
What is the drug of choice for progressive multiple sclerosis?
- A. Ocrelizumab
- B. Dimethyl fumarate
- C. Teriflunomide
- D. Fluoroquinolones
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ocrelizumab. It is the drug of choice for progressive multiple sclerosis due to its proven efficacy in reducing disease progression and disability in clinical trials. Ocrelizumab specifically targets B cells, which play a key role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Dimethyl fumarate (B) and Teriflunomide (C) are more commonly used for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis rather than progressive forms. Fluoroquinolones (D) are antibiotics and have no role in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
What best describes the concept of social justice in health care?
- A. Ensuring that all individuals have access to the same health care services
- B. Providing the same level of care to everyone, regardless of their background
- C. Addressing the underlying social determinants that contribute to health disparities
- D. Offering free health services to underserved populations
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Social justice in health care focuses on addressing the root causes of health disparities.
Step 2: By addressing social determinants like poverty, education, and housing, health equity can be achieved.
Step 3: This approach aims to create fair opportunities for everyone to attain good health outcomes.
Step 4: Choices A and B do not address the underlying social factors contributing to disparities.
Step 5: Choice D, offering free services, may not address the systemic issues that lead to inequities.
What is a key objective of community health nursing?
- A. Providing curative services to the community
- B. Improving the quality of life for individuals and families
- C. Promoting health and preventing disease
- D. Conducting research to find new treatments
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because community health nursing focuses on improving the quality of life for individuals and families through health promotion and disease prevention. This encompasses a holistic approach that considers social determinants of health and empowers communities to make informed decisions. Providing curative services (A) is not the primary focus of community health nursing, as it aims to prevent illness before it occurs. Conducting research (D) is important but not a key objective of direct community health nursing practice. While promoting health and preventing disease (C) is a key objective, improving the quality of life (B) captures the overarching goal of community health nursing more comprehensively.