Nokea
Which blood alcohol level (BAL) is associated with coma?
- A. 200 mg/dL
- B. 300 mg/dL
- C. 400 mg/dL
- D. 500 mg/dL
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A BAL of 400 mg/dL is associated with coma. A BAL of 200 mg/dL is associated with staggering and poor control of emotions. A BAL of 300 mg/dL is associated with mental confusion and stupor. A BAL of 500 mg/dL is associated with respiratory depression and death.
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A client has overdosed on opiates. Which drug would the nurse anticipate being ordered for this client?
- A. Dolphine
- B. Naltrexone
- C. Naloxone
- D. Hydromorphone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Opiate overdose leads to respiratory depression, unconsciousness, and death. Naloxone is administered to reverse the effects of opiates and assists in restoring respiration. Naltrexone is an opiate antagonist that is used for rapid opiate detoxification while the client is under anesthesia. Dolphine and hydromorphone are opiate drugs and would increase the effects of respiratory depression.
Which of the following instructions should a nurse give to clients with opiate dependency who take methadone?
- A. Avoid driving for 3 hours after medication.
- B. Take vitamin substitutes.
- C. Maintain bed rest for 1 hour after medication.
- D. Wear a MedicAlert tag.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client who takes methadone to tell healthcare providers or wear a MedicAlert tag in case the client needs a narcotic, tranquilizer, or barbiturate. Because methadone is a narcotic, lower dosages of other sedative drugs are necessary because the combination may potentiate their depressant action. It is not essential for client to avoid driving or to maintain bed rest after medication. Vitamin substitutes may not be required.
A client states, 'My father was an alcoholic so I am destined to be one too.' Which is the best response by the nurse?
- A. Children of alcoholics are more likely to become alcoholic.
- B. There is treatment available to prevent the trait of alcoholism.
- C. This is just a theory and has no basis of proof.
- D. Let's talk about how you can take control of your destiny.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Even with a possible genetic link to alcoholism, the individual remains in control of taking the first drink that triggers the metabolism of alcohol to THIQ. Every person is responsible for his or her own destiny and should receive encouragement to exercise that control. Children of alcoholics (COA) do have a greater likelihood of developing alcohol dependency. The only prevention of the trait of alcoholism is abstinence.
What assessment finding(s) is most important in determining the presence of alcohol dependency in a client? Select all that apply.
- A. Patterns of use
- B. Weight loss
- C. Fluctuation in appetite
- D. Absenteeism from work
- E. Blurred vision
- F. Blackouts
Correct Answer: A,D,F
Rationale: People who are dependent on alcohol are driven by the pattern of use and how or when to obtain alcohol. They begin drinking earlier in the day and create opportunities to drink. Loss of work hours, especially on Mondays, becomes a pattern. Blackouts or loss of episodes of time can occur in the early and later stages of the abuse. Weight loss and fluctuation in appetite may be associated with alcohol use disorder but is not a determining factor. Blurred vision is not significant in the assessment of the disorder.
A client has a blood alcohol level that is double the legal limit for driving yet does not exhibit behaviors of intoxication. The nurse knows that this is due to which effect?
- A. Tolerance
- B. Addiction
- C. Alcoholism
- D. Relapse
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tolerance occurs when the body develops mechanisms to reduce the effects of a drug through persistent use. This results in the need to increase the amount of a substance to obtain the desired effect. Addiction is a term that refers to drug-seeking behavior that interferes with work, relationships, and normal activities. Alcoholism is a chronic, progressive disease characterized by an inability to control the consumption of alcohol in which tolerance develops. Relapse is a term referring to the return to drug or alcohol use after a period of abstinence.