Nokea
Which bone forms the forehead?
- A. Frontal
- B. Parietal
- C. Temporal
- D. Occipital
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Frontal bone. The frontal bone forms the forehead as it comprises the upper part of the eye sockets and the frontal part of the skull. It also houses the frontal sinuses. The parietal bone (B) forms the top and sides of the skull. The temporal bone (C) forms the sides and base of the skull, housing the ear structures. The occipital bone (D) forms the back and base of the skull, containing the foramen magnum. Therefore, the frontal bone is the only choice that directly contributes to the structure of the forehead.
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The evolutionary stages of the ovarian follicles are:
- A. secondary;
- B. tertiary (de Graaf);
- C. primordial;
- D. evolutionary;
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: primordial. Ovarian follicles go through several stages of development. Primordial follicles are the earliest stage, containing primary oocytes surrounded by a single layer of squamous cells. This stage represents the resting pool of follicles. Secondary follicles come next, with primary oocytes surrounded by multiple layers of granulosa cells. Tertiary (de Graaf) follicles are the most advanced stage, containing a fluid-filled antrum and a mature oocyte. Evolutionary is not a recognized stage in ovarian follicle development. Secondary is incorrect as it comes after primordial, and tertiary is incorrect as it is not the earliest stage.
When performing a well woman examination, the nurse expects what findings?
- A. The inner surface of the vestibule is deep pink and moist with a smooth texture.
- B. The inguinal skin appears wrinkled and moist with sparse hair distribution.
- C. The labia minora is deeply pigmented, and the tissue is ragged and asymmetrical.
- D. Pubic hair is distributed evenly over the mons and shaped as a triangle with the apex over the mons.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because during a well woman examination, the inner surface of the vestibule should appear deep pink, moist, and have a smooth texture, indicating normal vaginal mucosa. This indicates good vascularization and moisture levels.
Choice B is incorrect as the inguinal skin should not be wrinkled and moist with sparse hair distribution during a well woman examination.
Choice C is incorrect as the labia minora should not be deeply pigmented, ragged, or asymmetrical. It should appear pink, smooth, and symmetrical.
Choice D is incorrect as the pubic hair being evenly distributed over the mons shaped as a triangle is not a specific finding expected during a well woman examination.
The external male genital organs are represented by the following structures, EXCEPT:
- A. penis;
- B. seminal ducts;
- C. corpus spongiosum;
- D. prostate
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: prostate. The prostate is an internal male reproductive organ located below the bladder. Step-by-step rationale: A - The penis is an external male genital organ. B - Seminal ducts are also known as vas deferens and are part of the male reproductive system. C - The corpus spongiosum is a spongy tissue structure found in the penis. Thus, the prostate is the only internal organ listed, making it the correct answer.
Men who take large doses of testosterone-like androgenic steroids for long periods are sterile in the reproductive sense of the word. What is the explanation for this finding?
- A. High levels of androgens bind to testosterone receptors in the Sertoli cells, resulting in overstimulation of inhibin formation
- B. Overstimulation of sperm cell production results in the formation of defective sperm cells
- C. High levels of androgen compounds inhibit the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone by the hypothalamus, resulting in the inhibition of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone release by the anterior pituitary
- D. High levels of androgen compounds produce hypertrophic dysfunction of the prostate gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because high levels of androgen compounds inhibit the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. GnRH is responsible for stimulating the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by the anterior pituitary gland. LH and FSH are crucial for proper testicular function, including sperm production. When the secretion of GnRH is inhibited by high levels of androgens, it leads to a decrease in LH and FSH levels, ultimately disrupting the normal feedback loop of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This disruption results in impaired sperm production and fertility.
Choice A is incorrect because overstimulation of inhibin formation does not directly lead to sterility. Choice B is incorrect because overstimulation of sperm cell production would not result in the formation of defective sperm cells leading to sterility. Choice D is incorrect because hypert
What area experiences the greatest changes in a menstrual cycle?
- A. vagina
- B. perimetrium
- C. cervix
- D. endometrium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: endometrium. The endometrium undergoes the most significant changes during the menstrual cycle. It thickens and sheds in response to hormonal changes for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. The vagina (A), perimetrium (B), and cervix (C) do not experience the same level of cyclic changes as the endometrium. The vagina is primarily a passageway, the perimetrium is the outer layer of the uterus, and the cervix mainly functions as an opening to the uterus. Therefore, the endometrium is the area that experiences the greatest changes in a menstrual cycle due to its role in preparing for possible pregnancy and shedding if implantation does not occur.