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Delayed breathing at birth is a common danger faced by newborn infants. What is a frequent cause of delayed breathing?
- A. Fetal hypoxia during the birth process
- B. Maternal hypoxia during the birth process
- C. Fetal hypercapnia
- D. Maternal hypercapnia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fetal hypoxia during the birth process. Fetal hypoxia, which is a lack of oxygen to the fetus during birth, can lead to delayed breathing in newborn infants. This lack of oxygen can result from various factors such as umbilical cord compression or placental insufficiency. Maternal hypoxia (choice B) and hypercapnia (choices C and D) may affect the fetus indirectly but are not direct causes of delayed breathing in newborns. Therefore, the correct choice is A, as it directly addresses the specific cause of delayed breathing in newborn infants.
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The external male genital organs are represented by the following structures, EXCEPT:
- A. penis;
- B. seminal ducts;
- C. corpus spongiosum;
- D. prostate
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: prostate. The prostate is an internal male reproductive organ located below the bladder. Step-by-step rationale: A - The penis is an external male genital organ. B - Seminal ducts are also known as vas deferens and are part of the male reproductive system. C - The corpus spongiosum is a spongy tissue structure found in the penis. Thus, the prostate is the only internal organ listed, making it the correct answer.
Rhabdomyosarcoma is the malignant tumor of the
- A. Smooth muscle
- B. Cardiac
- C. Visceral muscle
- D. Striated muscle
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor arising from striated muscle cells, hence the correct answer is D. Striated muscle cells are also known as skeletal muscle cells, which are voluntary muscles responsible for movement. Smooth muscle (Choice A) and visceral muscle (Choice C) are types of involuntary muscles found in internal organs, while cardiac muscle (Choice B) is the muscle specific to the heart. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect for this question.
There are ____________ facial bones
- A. 14
- B. 22
- C. 50
- D. 16
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 22. There are a total of 22 facial bones in the human skull. These bones include the mandible, maxilla, zygomatic bone, nasal bone, and others. Understanding human anatomy is crucial for healthcare professionals. Choice A (14) is too low and does not accurately represent the number of facial bones. Choice C (50) is too high and exceeds the actual count of facial bones. Choice D (16) is also incorrect as it falls short of the correct count of 22. Knowing the exact number of facial bones is important for various medical fields such as surgery, dentistry, and radiology.
The layer of the uterine wall that is shed during menstruation is the
- A. endometrium
- B. myometrium
- C. epimetrium
- D. none of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: endometrium. During menstruation, the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus, is shed. This layer thickens throughout the menstrual cycle in preparation for possible implantation of a fertilized egg. If fertilization does not occur, the endometrium is shed during menstruation.
B: myometrium is incorrect because it is the middle layer of the uterine wall consisting of smooth muscle tissue, responsible for contracting during labor.
C: epimetrium is incorrect as it is not a recognized term in anatomy. The outer layer of the uterus is called the perimetrium.
D: none of the above is incorrect as the endometrium is the specific layer of the uterine wall that is shed during menstruation.
Which bone forms the forehead?
- A. Frontal
- B. Parietal
- C. Temporal
- D. Occipital
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Frontal bone. The frontal bone forms the forehead as it comprises the upper part of the eye sockets and the frontal part of the skull. It also houses the frontal sinuses. The parietal bone (B) forms the top and sides of the skull. The temporal bone (C) forms the sides and base of the skull, housing the ear structures. The occipital bone (D) forms the back and base of the skull, containing the foramen magnum. Therefore, the frontal bone is the only choice that directly contributes to the structure of the forehead.