Nokea
Which bones are formed by intramembranous ossification?
- A. Flat bones
- B. Long bones
- C. Short bones
- D. Irregular bones
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intramembranous ossification is the process by which flat bones, such as the skull bones and the clavicles, are formed. During this process, mesenchymal stem cells differentiate directly into bone-forming cells, leading to the formation of flat bones. Long bones, short bones, and irregular bones are formed through endochondral ossification, a different process where the bone is first formed as a cartilage model before being replaced by bone tissue.
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Which mineral is responsible for regulating fluid balance in the body?
- A. Chloride
- B. Sodium
- C. Calcium
- D. Magnesium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sodium is the mineral responsible for regulating fluid balance in the body. It helps maintain proper hydration levels by controlling the movement of water in and out of cells. Sodium also plays a crucial role in nerve function and muscle contractions. Therefore, maintaining the right balance of sodium is essential for overall health.
In what area of the body would you expect to find an especially thick stratum corneum?
- A. Back of the hand
- B. Heel of the foot
- C. Abdomen
- D. Over the shin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis, is composed of dead skin cells. Areas that are subjected to constant pressure or friction, such as the heel of the foot, tend to have a thicker stratum corneum as a protective mechanism against wear and tear. Therefore, an especially thick stratum corneum would be expected on the heel of the foot, making it the correct answer.
Which of the following are functions of the skeletal system? (Select the ONE that does not apply.)
- A. Supporting the body
- B. Hemopoiesis
- C. Conducting impulses
- D. Providing protection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Conducting impulses.' The skeletal system's primary functions include supporting the body to maintain posture and provide structure, facilitating movement, protecting internal organs, and producing blood cells through hemopoiesis. Conducting impulses is a function of the nervous system, not the skeletal system.
Which type of cell secretes antibodies?
- A. bacterial cell
- B. viral cell
- C. lymph cell
- D. plasma cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell specialized in producing and secreting antibodies. Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are vital components of the immune system that help recognize and neutralize pathogens. When the body encounters an antigen, plasma cells are activated to produce and secrete antibodies specific to that antigen. These antibodies bind to the pathogen, marking it for destruction by other immune cells. Therefore, plasma cells are the correct answer as they are specifically designed to produce and secrete antibodies to fight infections.
Which hormone initiates the preparation of the endometrium of the uterus for pregnancy?
- A. FSH
- B. Estrogen
- C. LH
- D. Progesterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Estrogen initiates the preparation of the endometrium of the uterus for pregnancy by promoting its growth and thickening during the menstrual cycle. It is essential for creating a suitable environment for implantation of a fertilized egg. FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) is involved in stimulating follicle development in the ovaries, LH (Luteinizing Hormone) triggers ovulation, and Progesterone is crucial for maintaining the endometrial lining post-ovulation and during early pregnancy.