Nokea
Which change in the body leads to poor absorption of nutrients in a patient who has celiac disease?
- A. Development of diverticuli
- B. Anaphylactic reaction to wheat
- C. Destruction of the intestinal villi
- D. Reduced intestinal mucosal output
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The ingestion of gluten in the small intestine damages the villi, which leads to malabsorption and diarrhea. Weight loss and vitamin deficiency, which occur from altered nutrition, can expand into systemic involvement.
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The patient with a peptic ulcer has been placed on regular doses of bismuth salicylate to combat Helicobacter pylori. What color will this drug turn the stool?
- A. Gray-black
- B. Dark green
- C. Red-orange
- D. Yellow
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bismuth products turn the stool gray-black.
The home health nurse caring for a patient who has dysarthria related to radiation therapy for an oral cancer would recommend that the family provide which device?
- A. a tablet and pencil as a communication aid.
- B. a TV for diversion.
- C. a bell to summon help.
- D. a walkie-talkie.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The provision of an alternative method of communicating will lessen the frustration of the patient who has trouble speaking understandably. The call bell would be helpful also, but without a way to communicate, the bell is not as essential as a method of communication.
Flexible sigmoidoscopy should be performed every years.
- A. 5
Correct Answer: 5
Rationale: Flexible sigmoidoscopy should be performed every 5 years. Endoscopy of the lower GI tract allows visualization and, if indicated, access to obtain biopsy specimens of tumors, polyps, or ulcerations of the anus, rectum, and sigmoid colon. The lower GI tract is difficult to visualize radiographically, but sigmoidoscopy allows direct visualization.
Which recommendation is most appropriate for a patient who has had an esophageal dilation related to achalasia?
- A. Consume only liquid.
- B. Avoid fruit juices.
- C. Drink 10 oz of fluid with each meal.
- D. Lie down for 30 minutes after each meal.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient should drink fluid with each meal to increase lower esophageal pressure to push food into the stomach.
What should a nurse do when obtaining a stool specimen to be examined for ova and parasites?
- A. Use an oil retention enema to facilitate collection.
- B. Refrigerate the specimen immediately.
- C. Obtain three different stool specimens on subsequent days.
- D. Check the specimen for the presence of occult blood.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diagnosing a parasitic infection requires three different stool specimens on subsequent days. Use only normal saline or tap water enemas to prevent alteration of results.