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The nurse clarifies that the end product of food is absorbed and put into the bloodstream by which anatomical feature?
- A. gastric lining of the stomach.
- B. villi of the small intestine.
- C. bile of the liver in the large intestine.
- D. excretion from the cecum.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The inner surface of the small intestine contains millions of tiny, fingerlike projections called villi, which contain small blood vessels. They are responsible for absorbing the products of digestion.
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The patient with irritable bowel syndrome tells the home health nurse she is going to an acupuncturist for therapy for her condition. Which will be the best nursing response?
- A. Go for it. Alternative medicine does great things.'
- B. YIKES! An acupuncturist?'
- C. Some people have found relief from nausea and colon muscle spasms.'
- D. You should confirm that the acupuncturist and facility are state licensed.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Some people find that acupuncture provides relief from nausea, vomiting and relaxation of muscle spasms in the colon. However, clinical trial data are inadequate to determine efficacy.
The home health nurse is caring for a patient who has frequent bouts of diverticulitis accompanied by increased flatulence, diarrhea, and nausea. Which is the most appropriate suggestion to lessen these symptoms?
- A. Eat a diet high in fiber content.
- B. Increase dietary fat intake.
- C. Exercise to increase intraabdominal pressure.
- D. Take daily laxatives.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The symptoms of diverticulitis can be reduced or prevented by eating a high-fiber diet, reduction of meat and fats in the diet, and avoiding activities that increase intraabdominal pressure. Although laxatives might be prescribed sparingly, daily laxatives are not recommended.
In reinforcing a teaching plan to present to a group of older adults regarding the prevention of esophageal cancer, the nurse would include which significant information?
- A. cessation of smoking.
- B. Frequent monitoring for Barrett's esophagus
- C. regular checkups if dysphagia is present.
- D. reducing excessive weight.
- E. limiting alcohol consumption.
- F. reduction of consumption of citrus fruits.
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Preventive measures include cessation of smoking and alcohol consumption, monitoring for Barrett's esophagus, and medical evaluation of dysphagia. Weight and reduction of citrus fruits are noncontributory to prevention of esophageal cancer.
The nurse points out which is an example of a nonmechanical bowel obstruction?
- A. A paralytic ileus
- B. Narrowed bowel lumen from an inflammatory process
- C. Tumor of the bowel
- D. Fecal impaction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A nonmechanical bowel obstruction can be caused by a paralytic ileus.
Flexible sigmoidoscopy should be performed every years.
- A. 5
Correct Answer: 5
Rationale: Flexible sigmoidoscopy should be performed every 5 years. Endoscopy of the lower GI tract allows visualization and, if indicated, access to obtain biopsy specimens of tumors, polyps, or ulcerations of the anus, rectum, and sigmoid colon. The lower GI tract is difficult to visualize radiographically, but sigmoidoscopy allows direct visualization.