Nokea
Which circuit symbol represents a heater?
- A. A
- B. B
- C. C
- D. D
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. In circuit symbols, a heater is typically represented by a zigzag line enclosed in a rectangle. This symbol signifies the generation of heat through resistance. Option A does not resemble a heater symbol, Option B is a resistor symbol, and Option C is a light bulb symbol. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it accurately represents a heater in circuit diagrams.
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The structure leading to the stomach is called?
- A. Pharynx
- B. Epiglottis
- C. Oesophagus
- D. Larynx
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Oesophagus. The oesophagus is the structure leading to the stomach that carries food from the mouth to the stomach through peristalsis. The pharynx (A) is the throat cavity, the epiglottis (B) is a flap that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing, and the larynx (D) is the voice box. Therefore, the oesophagus is the correct answer as it specifically functions to transport food to the stomach.
Which of the following is most likely to cause the secretion of calcitonin?
- A. Hypocalcemia
- B. Hyperglycemia
- C. Dehydration
- D. Elevated plasma calcium level
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Elevated plasma calcium level. Calcitonin is released from the thyroid gland in response to high levels of calcium in the blood. When plasma calcium levels are elevated, calcitonin is secreted to help regulate calcium homeostasis by promoting calcium deposition in bones. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because hypocalcemia (low calcium levels), hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels), and dehydration do not directly stimulate the secretion of calcitonin.
Review of a patient's chart reveals that two years ago she was treated with ritodrine. Which of the following was the most likely condition or reason for which this drug was given?
- A. Parkinson's disease
- B. Bronchial asthma
- C. Depression
- D. Premature labor
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Premature labor. Ritodrine is a tocolytic agent commonly used to inhibit premature labor by relaxing the uterine muscles. It works by decreasing the frequency and intensity of contractions, helping to delay premature delivery. Parkinson's disease (A), bronchial asthma (B), and depression (C) are not conditions typically treated with ritodrine. Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder, bronchial asthma is a respiratory condition, and depression is a mental health condition. Therefore, based on the pharmacological action of ritodrine and the context of its usage, the most likely reason for which this drug was given in this case is to manage premature labor.
Which of the following is a common cause of primary hypothyroidism?
- A. Graves' disease
- B. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
- C. Toxic multinodular goiter
- D. TSH secreting pituitary adenoma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hashimoto's thyroiditis. This autoimmune condition is a common cause of primary hypothyroidism as it leads to inflammation and destruction of the thyroid gland, resulting in reduced production of thyroid hormones. Graves' disease (A) is actually a cause of hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism. Toxic multinodular goiter (C) is also associated with hyperthyroidism. TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma (D) causes secondary, not primary, hypothyroidism.
Mr. R, a 52-year-old patient with hyperthyroidism, is experiencing a thyroid storm. Which of the following symptoms would indicate the need for immediate intervention?
- A. Hypothermia
- B. Low blood pressure
- C. Severe tachycardia
- D. Weight gain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Severe tachycardia is a hallmark of thyroid storm and requires immediate intervention to prevent life-threatening complications such as heart failure or stroke.