Nokea
Which connective tissue layer surrounds the biceps femoris muscle belly, separating it from the rest of the body?
- A. Epimysium
- B. Perimysium
- C. Endomysium
- D. Blood
Correct Answer: a
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epimysium. Epimysium is the dense connective tissue layer that surrounds the entire muscle belly, providing structural support and protection. It separates the biceps femoris muscle from surrounding tissues. Perimysium (B) surrounds bundles of muscle fibers within the muscle belly, while endomysium (C) surrounds individual muscle fibers. Blood (D) is not a connective tissue layer but a fluid tissue responsible for transporting nutrients and waste products. Therefore, the epimysium is the correct choice as it specifically surrounds the biceps femoris muscle belly.
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To assure accuracy of a urine test for glucose and acetone, the nurse instructs the patient to
- A. perform the urine test one-half hour after meals and at bedtime
- B. drink three glasses of water before the test
- C. void one-half hour before the test, then at the time of the test
- D. increase carbohydrate intake if the results are negative
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: To ensure accurate results, the patient should void before the test and then test the urine at the specified time.
Several hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary gland. The mechanism of transportation from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland is through the ________.
- A. hepatic portal system
- B. general circulatory system
- C. hypophyseal portal system
- D. feedback loop
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: hypophyseal portal system. This system involves a direct blood vessel connection between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland, allowing hormones synthesized in the hypothalamus to be rapidly transported to the anterior pituitary without being diluted in the general circulation. The hepatic portal system (A) involves blood flow from the digestive system to the liver. The general circulatory system (B) would dilute the hormones before reaching the anterior pituitary. A feedback loop (D) is a mechanism that regulates hormone levels but is not the primary mode of transportation between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary.
An exophthalmic goiter is a symptom of ______.
- A. Graves disease.
- B. Hashimoto's disease.
- C. myxedema.
- D. acromegaly.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Exophthalmic goiter refers to bulging eyes and enlarged thyroid gland.
2. Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder causing hyperthyroidism, resulting in both symptoms.
3. Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disorder causing hypothyroidism, not associated with exophthalmic goiter.
4. Myxedema is severe hypothyroidism but does not typically present with exophthalmic goiter.
5. Acromegaly is caused by excess growth hormone, leading to enlarged hands and feet, not related to exophthalmic goiter.
Mr. R, a 52-year-old patient with hyperthyroidism, is experiencing a thyroid storm. Which of the following symptoms would indicate the need for immediate intervention?
- A. Hypothermia
- B. Low blood pressure
- C. Severe tachycardia
- D. Weight gain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Severe tachycardia is a hallmark of thyroid storm and requires immediate intervention to prevent life-threatening complications such as heart failure or stroke.
Identify a common function of atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH), aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone.Which of the following hormones does NOT help regulate blood pressure and volume?
- A. atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)
- B. aldosterone
- C. oxytocin
- D. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: oxytocin. Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH), aldosterone, and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) all play a role in regulating blood pressure and volume. ANH promotes sodium and water excretion, aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption, and ADH controls water reabsorption. On the other hand, oxytocin is a hormone involved in uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding, not directly related to blood pressure regulation. Therefore, oxytocin is the hormone that does NOT help regulate blood pressure and volume.