Nokea
Iodine-containing hormones:
- A. include thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
- B. are secreted by the hypothalamus as releasing hormones.
- C. are steroids.
- D. regulate the metabolic rate.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because iodine-containing hormones, such as thyroid hormones, regulate the metabolic rate by influencing the body's energy production and utilization. TSH (choice A) is not an iodine-containing hormone but a pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones. Hypothalamus releasing hormones (choice B) are not iodine-containing hormones. Steroids (choice C) are a different class of hormones that do not contain iodine. In summary, choice D is correct as iodine-containing hormones play a crucial role in regulating metabolic rate, while the other choices are incorrect as they do not accurately describe this function.
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A hormone that suppresses gluconeogenesis:
- A. increases the renal excretion of sodium and water.
- B. prevents hyperglycemia.
- C. causes diuresis.
- D. causes hypocalcemia.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because a hormone that suppresses gluconeogenesis helps to prevent hyperglycemia by inhibiting the production of glucose in the liver. This hormone regulates blood sugar levels by reducing the formation of new glucose molecules.
Choice A is incorrect because increasing renal excretion of sodium and water is related to the regulation of fluid balance, not gluconeogenesis. Choice C is incorrect because causing diuresis involves increasing urine production and is not directly related to suppressing gluconeogenesis. Choice D is incorrect because causing hypocalcemia refers to low levels of calcium in the blood and is not associated with the suppression of gluconeogenesis.
Propantheline can be used for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease because it decreases gastric acid secretion. What prototype drug is most like propantheline?
- A. Atropine
- B. Neostigmine
- C. Propranolol
- D. Phentolamine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Atropine is the correct answer as it is an anticholinergic agent like propantheline, both inhibiting acetylcholine activity. This action reduces gastric acid secretion, aiding in peptic ulcer treatment. Neostigmine (B) increases acetylcholine activity, opposite to propantheline's effect. Propranolol (C) is a beta-blocker, not directly affecting gastric acid secretion. Phentolamine (D) is an alpha-blocker, also not related to reducing gastric acid secretion.
The patient with adrenal insufficiency is to be discharged taking prednisone 10 mg orally each day. What will you be sure to teach the patient?
- A. Report excessive weight gain or swelling to the physician.
- B. Rapid changes of position may cause hypotension.
- C. A diet with foods high in potassium may be beneficial.
- D. Signs of hypoglycemia may occur while taking this drug.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Patients taking prednisone for adrenal insufficiency should be advised that rapid changes of position can lead to hypotension due to the body's decreased ability to regulate blood pressure.
Which row shows the type of reaction that occurs and the colour of the mixture at the end of the reaction?
- A. neutralisation, orange
- B. neutralisation, yellow
- C. redox, orange
- D. redox, yellow
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: neutralisation, yellow. In a neutralization reaction between an acid and a base, the acidic and basic properties neutralize each other, resulting in a salt and water. The indicator phenolphthalein is commonly used in acid-base titrations, turning pink in basic solutions and colorless in acidic solutions. When the reaction is complete and the solution is neutral (pH 7), phenolphthalein appears yellow. Therefore, the color of the mixture at the end of a neutralization reaction is yellow. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because neutralization reactions typically result in a yellow color, not orange, and redox reactions do not involve the same color changes as neutralization reactions.
Identify the hormone that stimulates uterine contraction and the release of milk during nursing.
- A. ADH.
- B. glucagon
- C. oxytocin
- D. prolactin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Oxytocin is the hormone responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during labor and delivery.
2. Oxytocin also triggers the release of milk during nursing by causing contraction of the cells around the milk-filled alveoli.
3. ADH (A) regulates water balance, glucagon (B) regulates blood sugar levels, and prolactin (D) stimulates milk production but not milk release.
Summary: Oxytocin is the correct answer because it specifically stimulates uterine contractions and milk release during nursing, while the other choices are not directly related to these functions.