Nokea
Which class of medications increases the availability of serotonin by blocking the reuptake of serotonin at the presynaptic membrane?
- A. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
- B. Polyuria
- C. Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
- D. Lithium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs block the reuptake of serotonin at the presynaptic membrane, leading to increased availability of serotonin in the synaptic cleft. This helps alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety. Choice B, Polyuria, is a symptom related to excessive urination and is not a class of medication. Choice C, Carbamazepine, is an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer that works by different mechanisms, not by increasing serotonin availability. Choice D, Lithium, is also a mood stabilizer primarily used in bipolar disorder and does not directly increase serotonin levels.
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----results in self-development and helps a person to plan his present and future wisely:
- A. Guidance
- B. Counseling
- C. Advice
- D. Advise
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Guidance supports self-development and planning, often in career or educational contexts.
A client is questioning why she was told that the nausea she is experiencing with this new antidepressant medication will subside once her medication is regulated. Based on the pharmacologic principle of steady state, the nurse explains that:
- A. When her body reaches a steady point where introduction and elimination of the medication are constant the nausea will stop.
- B. Blood work can be done to determine the appropriate time her body will reach a steady state when the new medication will not cause the nausea.
- C. Antidepressants commonly cause nausea for the first 10 doses and once her body can steady the absorption of the medication the side effect will stop.
- D. Antidepressants have a relatively short half life that will allow for the blood serum's steady state to occur within a few days and then the nausea will stop.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because steady state refers to the point where drug intake equals drug elimination in the body, leading to a constant drug concentration. This equilibrium is reached after approximately 4-5 half-lives of the medication. Once the body reaches steady state, the drug's effects, including nausea, become more predictable and stable.
Choice B is incorrect because blood work cannot determine the exact time it takes for the body to reach steady state.
Choice C is incorrect because the number of doses is not a reliable indicator for when steady state is reached, as it depends on the drug's half-life and individual factors.
Choice D is incorrect because stating that antidepressants have a relatively short half-life is not universally true, and the time to reach steady state can vary depending on the specific medication and individual factors.
Which of the following physician barriers can affect a patient's adherence?
- A. Lack of insight into the patient's illness
- B. Inadequate explanation of instructions
- C. Cost of medications or treatment
- D. Distraction by other life issues or priorities
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clear instructions are critical for adherence; inadequate explanations often lead to misunderstanding and non-compliance.
A nursing intervention for the initial phase of grief should focus on:
- A. Ignoring the patient until your presence is requested.
- B. Staying available to provide support when the person demonstrates distress.
- C. Insisting the person face reality of the loss.
- D. Organizing a support group to provide a support system.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The initial phase of grief is denial. The individual may have difficulty facing the scope of the loss initially, so being available to support him or her when the emotions come is important.
Select the nursing intervention necessary after administering naloxone (Narcan) to a patient with an opiate overdose.
- A. Monitor the airway and vital signs every 15 minutes.
- B. Insert a nasogastric tube and test gastric pH.
- C. Treat hyperpyrexia with cooling measures.
- D. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monitor the airway and vital signs every 15 minutes. After administering naloxone to a patient with an opiate overdose, it is crucial to monitor the patient's airway and vital signs regularly to assess for respiratory depression, potential re-sedation, and other adverse effects of naloxone. This intervention ensures the patient's safety and allows for prompt detection and management of any complications.
Choice B is incorrect because inserting a nasogastric tube and testing gastric pH is not indicated after naloxone administration for opiate overdose. Choice C is incorrect as treating hyperpyrexia with cooling measures is not a priority intervention in this scenario. Choice D is also incorrect as inserting an indwelling urinary catheter is not necessary after administering naloxone for opiate overdose.