Which component of reproductive health ensures the provision of quality reproductive health services at all levels of the health care system?
- A. Safe motherhood
- B. Adolescent health and development
- C. Health service delivery
- D. Reproductive health information
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Health service delivery is the component of reproductive health that specifically focuses on ensuring the provision of quality reproductive health services at all levels of the healthcare system. While safe motherhood and adolescent health are important aspects of reproductive health, they do not directly address the quality of health services delivery. Reproductive health information, although crucial, is not the component responsible for ensuring the quality of services provided.
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What is a cord inserted to the very edge of the placenta known as?
- A. Battledore insertion
- B. Placenta velamentosa
- C. Placenta accreta
- D. Vasa Praevia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A cord inserted to the very edge of the placenta is known as battledore insertion. This occurs when the cord is attached to the fetal membranes at the placental margin rather than directly to the placental tissue. Placenta velamentosa refers to the condition where the umbilical cord inserts into the fetal membranes before it reaches the placenta. Placenta accreta is a condition where the placenta attaches too deeply into the uterine wall. Vasa Praevia is a condition where fetal blood vessels run across or near the internal cervical opening.
What causes the changes in appearance seen in boys at the time of puberty?
- A. Prolactin
- B. Adrenaline
- C. Estrogen
- D. Testosterone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: During puberty, boys experience physical changes such as growth of facial and body hair, deepening of the voice, and muscle development. These changes are primarily driven by the hormone testosterone. Testosterone is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics. Therefore, the correct answer is testosterone. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because prolactin, adrenaline, and estrogen do not play a significant role in the development of male secondary sexual characteristics during puberty.
Appropriate Technologies and Skills involve:
- A. Selecting technologies according to universal standards.
- B. Ensuring a doctor is present at the service-providing facility.
- C. Requiring that health care providers are nurses.
- D. Selecting technologies that are easy to use but not necessarily effective.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Selecting technologies according to universal standards.' Appropriate technologies and skills involve choosing tools and methods based on universal standards to ensure effectiveness and efficiency. Choice B is incorrect because the presence of a doctor is not necessarily a defining factor for appropriate technologies and skills. Choice C is incorrect as appropriate technologies are not limited to being utilized only by nurses. Choice D is incorrect as the focus should be on selecting technologies that are both easy to use and effective, not one or the other.
Herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) does not cause cold sores of the lips:
- A. True.
- B. False.
- C. Depends on the person.
- D. Not enough information.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) typically causes genital herpes, not cold sores on the lips. Cold sores on the lips are commonly caused by herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1). Therefore, the statement that HSV-2 causes cold sores of the lips is incorrect. Choice B, 'False,' is the correct answer. Choice A is incorrect because HSV-2 does not cause cold sores on the lips. Choice C, 'Depends on the person,' is incorrect as the cause of cold sores is predominantly linked to HSV-1. Choice D, 'Not enough information,' is also incorrect as this information is well-established in medical knowledge.
Which of the following methods is used for permanent contraception in males?
- A. Vasectomy
- B. Tubal ligation
- C. Condoms
- D. Coitus interruptus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vasectomy. Vasectomy is a surgical procedure for permanent contraception in males by cutting or blocking the vas deferens. Choice B, Tubal ligation, is a method for permanent contraception in females by blocking or sealing the fallopian tubes. Choice C, Condoms, provide a barrier method of contraception but are not permanent. Choice D, Coitus interruptus, involves withdrawing the penis before ejaculation and is not a reliable method of contraception.