Nokea
Which compound is necessary for emulsification of fat in the body?
- A. Bile salts
- B. Cholecystokinin
- C. Chyme
- D. Trypsin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bile salts are essential for emulsifying fats in the body. They break down fats into smaller droplets, increasing the surface area for enzymes to work on during digestion. Cholecystokinin is a hormone that stimulates the release of bile and pancreatic enzymes, but it is not directly involved in emulsification. Chyme is the semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that moves from the stomach to the small intestine and does not play a role in emulsifying fats. Trypsin is an enzyme produced by the pancreas that acts on proteins, not fats.
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A vegetarian diet that includes dairy foods and eggs is known as:
- A. lactovegetarian.
- B. vegan.
- C. semi-vegetarian.
- D. ovolactovegetarian.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct term for a vegetarian diet that includes both dairy foods and eggs is 'ovolactovegetarian.' This term specifically indicates the inclusion of eggs ('ovo') and dairy ('lacto') in the diet. Choice A, 'lactovegetarian,' is incorrect because it only includes dairy products without eggs. Choice B, 'vegan,' is incorrect as it excludes all animal products, including dairy and eggs. Choice C, 'semi-vegetarian,' is incorrect as it is a term used for individuals who occasionally eat meat, poultry, or fish but primarily follow a plant-based diet.
Which lipoprotein carries fat from a meal just consumed to the liver?
- A. Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL).
- B. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL).
- C. Chylomicrons.
- D. High-density lipoprotein (HDL).
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chylomicrons are the lipoproteins responsible for transporting dietary fat from the intestines to various tissues, including the liver. VLDL carries lipids synthesized in the liver, LDL transports cholesterol to tissues, and HDL helps transport cholesterol away from tissues to the liver for excretion. Therefore, in the context of carrying fat from a meal just consumed to the liver, chylomicrons are the correct choice.
What is the most prevalent dietary disaccharide?
- A. Lactose
- B. Fructose
- C. Sucrose
- D. Galactose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sucrose is the correct answer as it is the most common disaccharide found in the diet, commonly known as table sugar. Lactose is a disaccharide found in dairy products, not as prevalent in the overall diet as sucrose. Fructose is a monosaccharide commonly found in fruits and honey, not a disaccharide. Galactose is a monosaccharide commonly found in dairy products and is not the most prevalent dietary disaccharide.
What is the recommended dietary intake of protein for adults?
- A. 0.5 g/kg.
- B. 0.8 g/kg.
- C. 1.0 g/kg.
- D. 1.5 g/kg.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Which nutrient has a protein-sparing effect?
- A. Glycerol
- B. Carbohydrate
- C. Nitrogen
- D. Fatty acids
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Carbohydrates have a protein-sparing effect, meaning that adequate carbohydrate intake can prevent the use of protein for energy. Glycerol, nitrogen, and fatty acids do not have a protein-sparing effect. Glycerol is a component of fats and oils, nitrogen is a component of proteins, and fatty acids are used primarily as an energy source.