Nokea
What can excessive intakes of dietary protein do?
- A. cause vitamin deficiencies.
- B. impair kidney function.
- C. increase weight loss.
- D. decrease production of indispensable amino acids.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Excessive intake of dietary protein can lead to impaired kidney function over time. Excessive protein consumption can put a strain on the kidneys as they work to eliminate the byproducts of protein metabolism. This can potentially lead to kidney damage. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Excessive protein intake is not directly linked to causing vitamin deficiencies, increasing weight loss, or decreasing the production of indispensable amino acids.
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A protein that contains all the essential amino acids in the proper proportions is called:
- A. simple
- B. indispensable
- C. complete
- D. complementary
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A complete protein is the term used to describe a protein that contains all the essential amino acids required by the body in the right proportions. This makes choice C the correct answer. Choice A, 'simple,' is incorrect as it does not reflect the concept of essential amino acids. Choice B, 'indispensable,' while related to importance, does not specifically address the presence of all essential amino acids. Choice D, 'complementary,' is also incorrect as it refers to combining proteins to achieve a complete amino acid profile, rather than describing a protein that already contains all essential amino acids.
What are the compounds in soy foods with estrogen-like activity examples of?
- A. Indispensable amino acids.
- B. Phytochemicals.
- C. Neurotransmitters.
- D. Metabolic by-products.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Phytochemicals. Phytochemicals in soy foods can mimic estrogen and may have health benefits. Indispensable amino acids are essential amino acids that the body cannot produce on its own. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers in the nervous system. Metabolic by-products are substances produced during metabolism.
Which tissue has the highest rate of protein turnover?
- A. Skin
- B. Intestinal mucosa
- C. Muscle
- D. Adipose tissue
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Intestinal mucosa. The intestinal mucosa has the highest rate of protein turnover due to its rapid cell renewal. The skin, muscle, and adipose tissue do not exhibit protein turnover rates as high as the intestinal mucosa. Skin cells turnover relatively slower compared to the rapid renewal of intestinal mucosa cells. Muscles have a moderate rate of protein turnover, while adipose tissue has a lower turnover rate compared to the other tissues mentioned.
What group makes each amino acid unique?
- A. Radical group
- B. Amino group
- C. Carboxyl group
- D. Peptide bond
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the radical group (R-group) because it is the unique side chain that differentiates each amino acid. The amino group (choice B) and carboxyl group (choice C) are functional groups common to all amino acids but do not make them unique. The peptide bond (choice D) is the bond formed between amino acids in a protein chain, not the group that makes each amino acid unique.
What role do the amino acids methionine, tyrosine, and tryptophan play?
- A. Forming neurotransmitters.
- B. Blocking excess protein breakdown.
- C. Increasing production of insulin and thyroxine.
- D. Decreasing energy expenditure.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Forming neurotransmitters. Methionine, tyrosine, and tryptophan are important amino acids involved in the production of neurotransmitters in the body. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across nerve cells, influencing various functions such as mood, memory, and muscle control. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because these amino acids do not primarily play a role in blocking protein breakdown, increasing insulin and thyroxine production, or decreasing energy expenditure.