Nokea
Which concentration unit depends on pressure?
- A. ppm
- B. ppb
- C. molarity
- D. molarity, ppb, and ppm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 'C: molarity.' Molarity is the concentration unit that depends on pressure. In molarity, the concentration of a solution is expressed as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. This means that changes in pressure can affect the volume of the solution and consequently the concentration. Choices A and B, ppm (parts per million) and ppb (parts per billion), respectively, are independent of pressure variations as they are based on mass ratios. Therefore, molarity is the only concentration unit listed that is directly influenced by changes in pressure.
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Which of the following statements regarding the microscopic anatomy of heart muscle is correct?
- A. Cardiac muscle is striated, short, fat, branched, and interconnected
- B. Intercalated discs anchor cardiac cells together and allow the free passage of ions
- C. The connective tissue endomysium acts as both tendon and insertion
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'All of the above.' Cardiac muscle is indeed striated, short, fat, branched, and interconnected. Intercalated discs are responsible for anchoring cardiac cells together and allowing the free passage of ions. Additionally, the connective tissue endomysium provides structural support and acts as a tendon-like structure attaching muscle fibers to each other. Therefore, all the statements in choices A, B, and C are accurate when describing the microscopic anatomy of heart muscle. Choices A, B, and C individually represent different aspects of the structural features of cardiac muscle, making choice D the most comprehensive and correct answer.
Where is keratin found?
- A. It is a protein-digesting enzyme released by the stomach.
- B. It is released in the neuromuscular junction.
- C. It is a protein found in the hypodermis.
- D. It is a protein found in hair.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Keratin is a structural protein found in hair, skin, and nails, providing strength and protection. It forms the main structural component of hair, making choice D the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because keratin is not an enzyme released by the stomach, not released in the neuromuscular junction, and not found in the hypodermis. Remember that keratin is primarily associated with structural support in epithelial cells.
Which of the following is responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the body?
- A. Vein
- B. Artery
- C. Capillary
- D. Lymphatic vessel
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Artery. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body. Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, capillaries are tiny blood vessels where gas exchange occurs, and lymphatic vessels are part of the lymphatic system, which is responsible for draining excess fluid from tissues and transporting white blood cells.
Which of the following factors does not strengthen a scientific argument?
- A. Lack of bias
- B. Extensive use of qualitative research and data
- C. Able to be reproduced and repeated by others
- D. Withstands the test of time
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. While qualitative data can provide valuable insights, it does not inherently strengthen a scientific argument to the same extent as quantitative data. Quantitative data is generally more precise, measurable, and easier to verify, making it a stronger basis for scientific arguments. Choices A, C, and D all contribute to strengthening a scientific argument. Lack of bias ensures objectivity and reliability, reproducibility by others validates the findings, and standing the test of time indicates the enduring validity and reliability of the argument.
Which neuromuscular system controls voluntary movement?
- A. Autonomic
- B. Somatic
- C. Sympathetic
- D. Parasympathetic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Somatic. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles. It is responsible for carrying sensory and motor information to and from the central nervous system. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. The autonomic nervous system (choice A) controls involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion. The sympathetic (choice C) and parasympathetic (choice D) nervous systems are subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system and are responsible for the body's fight-or-flight response and rest-and-digest functions, respectively.