Nokea
Which condition is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid?
- A. Pneumonia
- B. Bronchitis
- C. Tuberculosis
- D. Cystic fibrosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pneumonia. Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in the lungs, causing them to fill with fluid. This leads to symptoms such as cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. Bronchitis (B) is inflammation of the bronchial tubes, not the air sacs. Tuberculosis (C) is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs but does not always lead to fluid accumulation. Cystic fibrosis (D) is a genetic disorder that affects the lungs but does not involve infection or fluid accumulation in the air sacs.
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Which serum enzyme would elevate first after an infarction?
- A. Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT)
- B. Lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH)
- C. Creatine phosphokinase isoenzymes (CPK-MB)
- D. Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: CPK-MB rises early after MI onset.
How might the blood pressure be affected in a client whose body mass index (BMI) is 31 (obese)?
- A. increased
- B. decreased
- C. no change
- D. a change either way
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Obesity is strongly associated with increased blood pressure due to factors like insulin resistance and increased vascular resistance.
State the Indications and Modes of Mechanical Ventilation.
- A. Respiratory failure
- B. ARDS
- C. Both A and B
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mechanical ventilation is used for respiratory failure and acute conditions like ARDS.
Which of the following is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that causes episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing?
- A. Asthma
- B. Bronchitis
- C. Pneumonia
- D. Emphysema
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A: Asthma is the correct answer because it is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by symptoms like wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. This condition is often triggered by various factors such as allergens, exercise, or respiratory infections. Asthma involves inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to the symptoms mentioned.
B: Bronchitis is incorrect as it refers to inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which can be acute or chronic, but it does not typically present with all the symptoms listed in the question.
C: Pneumonia is incorrect as it is an infection of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, and does not typically cause chronic inflammation of the airways.
D: Emphysema is incorrect as it is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) characterized by damage to the air sacs in the lungs, leading to difficulty breathing, but it does not typically present
What is the term for a blood clot blocking an artery in the lungs, leading to symptoms like shortness of breath and chest pain?
- A. Pulmonary embolism
- B. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
- C. Myocardial infarction
- D. Pneumothorax
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pulmonary embolism. A pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot blocks an artery in the lungs, causing symptoms like shortness of breath and chest pain. Deep vein thrombosis (B) is a blood clot in a deep vein, not in the lungs. Myocardial infarction (C) is a heart attack due to blocked blood flow to the heart muscle. Pneumothorax (D) is a collapsed lung, not related to a blood clot.