Physical Exam Cardiovascular System

Physical Exam Cardiovascular System Related

Review Physical Exam Cardiovascular System related questions and content

Which condition is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways resulting in excess mucus production, leading to frequent coughing and breathing difficulties?

  • A. Chronic bronchitis
  • B. Asthma
  • C. Pneumonia
  • D. COPD
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Chronic bronchitis is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways leading to excess mucus production, coughing, and breathing difficulties. This condition is specifically defined by a productive cough lasting at least three months for two consecutive years. Asthma involves airway inflammation and hyperreactivity, but it is not primarily characterized by excess mucus production. Pneumonia is an acute infection of the lungs, not a chronic inflammatory condition. COPD is a broad term that includes chronic bronchitis, but it also encompasses emphysema, so it is not as specific as chronic bronchitis in this context.

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You make a home visit to evaluate a hypertensive patient who has been taking enalapril (Vasotec) for 3 weeks. Which information indicates that you need to contact the physician about a change in the drug therapy?

  • A. Patient complains of frequent urination.
  • B. Patient's blood pressure is 138/86.
  • C. Patient coughs often during the visit.
  • D. Patient complains of occasional dizziness.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A persistent cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors like enalapril, and it may warrant a change in medication.

State the Indications and Modes of Mechanical Ventilation.

  • A. Respiratory failure
  • B. ARDS
  • C. Both A and B
  • D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Mechanical ventilation is used for respiratory failure and acute conditions like ARDS.

The client is on digoxin and has severe digoxin toxicity. What is the nursing priority action?

  • A. Check the potassium level.
  • B. Give Digibind as an antidote.
  • C. Change the dosing of digoxin to every other day.
  • D. Administer a potassium supplement to decrease digoxin toxicity.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Give Digibind as an antidote. Digibind is the specific antidote for severe digoxin toxicity. It works by binding to the excess digoxin in the body, preventing it from exerting its toxic effects. This action helps to rapidly reduce the digoxin levels in the body and reverse the toxicity. Checking the potassium level (choice A) is important but not the priority when the client is experiencing severe toxicity. Changing the dosing of digoxin (choice C) or administering a potassium supplement (choice D) would not address the immediate need to counteract the toxicity. The priority is to administer Digibind to quickly neutralize the digoxin and prevent further harm.

ECG changes in myocardial infarction.

  • A. ST elevation
  • B. Q waves
  • C. Both A and B
  • D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: ECG shows characteristic ST elevation and Q waves during MI.

The diagnostic test that is most useful in differentiating the dyspnea related to pulmonary effects of heart failure from the dyspnea of pulmonary disease is

  • A. Exercise stress testing
  • B. A cardiac catheterization
  • C. B-type natriuretic peptide (bNP) levels
  • D. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: bNP is released from the ventricles in response to ventricular stretch and is a good marker for heart failure. If the bNP is elevated, shortness of breath is due to heart failure.

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