Nokea
Which conditions would give the results shown in diagrams X and Y?
- A. carbon dioxide, 25°C, oxygen, 25°C
- B. carbon dioxide, 2°C, oxygen, 2°C
- C. oxygen, 25°C, carbon dioxide, 25°C
- D. oxygen, 2°C, carbon dioxide, 2°C
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because diagram X shows an increase in oxygen concentration over time, which indicates photosynthesis occurring. In photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Therefore, the conditions of oxygen at 25°C and carbon dioxide at 25°C would support this process. Choices A, B, and D have incorrect combinations of temperature and gases that would not result in the observed increase in oxygen concentration in diagram X.
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The hypothalamus is functionally and anatomically connected to the posterior pituitary lobe by a bridge of .
- A. blood vessels
- B. nerve axons
- C. cartilage
- D. bone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: nerve axons. The hypothalamus communicates with the posterior pituitary lobe through nerve axons that form the hypothalamic-pituitary tract. This pathway allows for the release of hormones such as oxytocin and vasopressin directly into the bloodstream. Blood vessels (choice A) are not directly responsible for the connection between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary. Cartilage (choice C) and bone (choice D) do not play a role in this connection and are not anatomically linked to the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary.
A patient is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of Cushing syndrome. On physical assessment of the patient, what should the nurse expect to find?
- A. Hypertension, peripheral edema, and petechiae
- B. Weight loss, buffalo hump, and moon face with acne
- C. Abdominal and buttock striae, truncal obesity, and hypotension
- D. Anorexia, signs of dehydration, and hyperpigmentation of the skin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cushing syndrome typically presents with signs such as hypertension, peripheral edema, petechiae, and striae due to the effects of excess cortisol.
The cluster of cells in the pancreas that secrete hormones are:
- A. Nodules
- B. Islets of Langerhans
- C. Pancreatic medulla
- D. Pancreatic cortex
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Islets of Langerhans. These clusters of cells in the pancreas are responsible for secreting hormones such as insulin and glucagon. Islets of Langerhans contain different types of cells that regulate blood sugar levels. Nodules (A), pancreatic medulla (C), and pancreatic cortex (D) are not associated with hormone secretion in the pancreas. Nodules are more general and not specific to the pancreas, while pancreatic medulla and cortex do not house the endocrine cells responsible for hormone secretion.
Which of the Following Hormones Regulate Blood Sodium and Potassium Levels in the Body?
- A. Aldosterone
- B. Cortisol
- C. Glycogens
- D. Pheromones
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aldosterone is the correct answer as it specifically regulates blood sodium and potassium levels by acting on the kidneys to enhance sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion. Cortisol is a stress hormone, not directly involved in electrolyte regulation. Glycogens are stored glucose molecules, not hormones. Pheromones are chemical signals for communication, not involved in electrolyte balance.
Which of the following is NOT true of Cushing syndrome?
- A. trunk (torso) becomes obese
- B. basic blood pH
- C. moon-shaped face
- D. hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Cushing syndrome is characterized by hypersecretion of adrenal cortex hormones, not hyposecretion.
2. Option D states hyposecretion, which is incorrect for Cushing syndrome.
3. Trunk obesity, moon-shaped face, and alkalosis (basic blood pH) are characteristic features of Cushing syndrome.
4. Thus, option D is the correct answer because it is not a true characteristic of Cushing syndrome.
Summary:
Option D is incorrect because Cushing syndrome is associated with hypersecretion of adrenal cortex hormones, not hyposecretion. Options A, B, and C are true characteristics of Cushing syndrome, making them incorrect choices.