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Which data found on a patient’s health history would place her at risk for an ectopic pregnancy?
- A. Ovarian cyst 2 years ago
- B. Recurrent pelvic infections
- C. Use of oral contraceptives for 5 years
- D. Heavy menstrual flow of 4 days’ duration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Recurrent pelvic infections. Pelvic infections can lead to scarring and blockage of the fallopian tubes, increasing the risk of ectopic pregnancy. Ovarian cysts and oral contraceptives are not directly linked to ectopic pregnancies. Heavy menstrual flow does not inherently increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy.
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A nurse who provides care on an acute medical unit has observed that physicians are frequently reluctant to refer patients to hospice care. What are contributing factors that are known to underlie this tendency? Select all that apply.
- A. Financial pressures on health care providers
- B. Patient reluctance to accept this type of care
- C. Strong association of hospice care with prolonging death
- D. Advances in curative treatment in late-stage illness E) Ease of making a terminal diagnosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Financial pressures on health care providers. Physicians may be reluctant to refer patients to hospice care due to financial pressures. This could be because hospice care may be seen as less profitable compared to other treatments or services. Other choices are incorrect because: B: Patient reluctance is not a contributing factor from the physician's perspective. C: Hospice care is actually focused on comfort and quality of life, not prolonging death. D: Advances in curative treatment may not be directly related to physician reluctance to refer to hospice. E: Ease of making a terminal diagnosis is not a significant factor influencing physician reluctance.
A patient is being discharged home after a hysterectomy. When providing discharge education for this patient, the nurse has cautioned the patient against sitting for long periods. This advice addresses the patients risk of what surgical complication?
- A. Pudendal nerve damage
- B. Fatigue
- C. Venous thromboembolism
- D. Hemorrhage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Venous thromboembolism. After a hysterectomy, patients are at increased risk for developing blood clots due to decreased mobility and pressure on the veins. Sitting for long periods can further increase this risk by slowing blood flow. Pudendal nerve damage (A) is not a common complication of hysterectomy. Fatigue (B) is a common postoperative symptom but not directly related to sitting for long periods. Hemorrhage (D) is a potential complication of hysterectomy but is not specifically related to sitting for long periods.
A nurse is planning the postoperative care of a patient who is scheduled for radical prostatectomy. What intraoperative position will place the patient at particular risk for the development of deep vein thrombosis postoperatively?
- A. Fowlers position
- B. Prone position
- C. Supine position
- D. Lithotomy position
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Lithotomy position. In lithotomy position, the patient's legs are elevated and positioned higher than the heart, which can lead to venous stasis and increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This position compresses the femoral veins, hindering blood flow and predisposing the patient to DVT formation.
Summary:
A: Fowlers position - Not typically associated with increased DVT risk.
B: Prone position - Not typically associated with increased DVT risk.
C: Supine position - Generally considered a safe position regarding DVT risk.
A patient is learning about his new diagnosis of asthma with the asthma nurse. What medication has the ability to prevent the onset of acute asthma exacerbations?
- A. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
- B. Montelukast (Singulair)
- C. Albuterol sulfate (Ventolin)
- D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Montelukast (Singulair). Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that helps prevent asthma exacerbations by reducing inflammation in the airways. It is used as a maintenance medication to control and prevent asthma symptoms. Diphenhydramine (A) is an antihistamine used for allergies, not asthma prevention. Albuterol sulfate (C) is a rescue inhaler used for acute asthma symptoms, not prevention. Epinephrine (D) is used for severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis), not asthma prevention.
The nurse is caring for a 39-year-old woman with a family history of breast cancer. She requested a breast tumor marking test and the results have come back positive. As a result, the patient is requesting a bilateral mastectomy. This surgery is an example of what type of oncologic surgery?
- A. Salvage surgery
- B. Palliative surgery
- C. Prophylactic surgery
- D. Reconstructive surgery
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Prophylactic surgery. Prophylactic surgery involves removing tissue at risk of developing cancer to prevent the occurrence of cancer. In this case, the patient has a family history of breast cancer and has tested positive for a breast tumor marker, indicating a high risk of developing breast cancer. By opting for a bilateral mastectomy, the patient is proactively removing breast tissue to reduce her risk of developing breast cancer.
Salvage surgery (A) is performed to remove cancer that has recurred after initial treatment. Palliative surgery (B) aims to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life but is not curative. Reconstructive surgery (D) is performed to restore the appearance and function of a body part after cancer treatment but is not the primary purpose in this scenario.