Nokea
Which description is most characteristic of osteoarthritis (OA) when compared to rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
- A. Not systemic or symmetric
- B. Rheumatoid factor (RF) positive
- C. Most commonly occurs in women
- D. Morning joint stiffness lasts one to several hours
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: OA is localized and asymmetric.
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Following administration of 1.5 g of methocarbamol (Robaxin), which of the following statements by Mrs. Iris would inform the nurse that the medication was effective?
- A. I was thirsty after that medication.
- B. I have been urinating a lot today.
- C. Those awful muscle spasms have let up.
- D. The swelling in my leg seems to have gone down.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Methocarbamol is a muscle relaxant; relief from muscle spasms indicates effectiveness.
The muscular wasting (hypotrophy) usually develops with disease in:
- A. upper motor neuron
- B. lower motor neuron
- C. cerebellar
- D. caudate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lower motor neuron is the correct answer because damage to these neurons directly affects the muscles they innervate, leading to atrophy, weakness, and loss of reflexes. This occurs due to the disruption of the neural connection between the spinal cord and the muscle, resulting in denervation and subsequent muscle wasting.
When obtaining information about the patient's use of medications, the nurse recognizes that both bone and muscle function may be impaired when the patient reports taking what type of drug?
- A. Corticosteroids
- B. Oral hypoglycemic agents
- C. Potassium-depleting diuretics
- D. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Corticosteroids weaken bones and muscles.
The nurse is assessing a patient's pupils for reactivity to light. Which cranial nerve (CN) is being tested?
- A. CN III
- B. CN IV
- C. CN VI
- D. CN XII
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cranial nerve III (oculomotor) controls pupil constriction and is tested when assessing pupillary reactivity to light. Cranial nerves IV, VI, and XII control eye movement and tongue movement but are not directly involved in pupillary reflexes. Testing CN III is essential for evaluating brainstem function.
Regarding the blood supply of the cerebral cortex
- A. Middle cerebral is contralateral arm, leg and speech areas
- B. Anterior cerebral is contralateral leg, micturition and defaecation
- C. Middle cerebral is ipsilateral arm, face and vision
- D. Posterior cerebral is ipsilateral vision
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The anterior cerebral artery supplies the medial surface of the brain, including areas responsible for motor and sensory functions of the contralateral leg. It also influences micturition and defecation.