Nokea
A patient expresses concerns about the financial implications of their treatment plan. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Dismiss the patient's concerns and assure them that the treatment plan is necessary.
- B. Provide the patient with information about financial assistance programs and resources.
- C. Ignore the patient's concerns and proceed with implementing the treatment plan.
- D. Tell the patient that financial concerns should not affect their decision-making.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the nurse's role is to address the holistic needs of the patient, including financial concerns. Providing information about financial assistance programs and resources shows empathy and supports the patient in making informed decisions.
Choice A is incorrect because dismissing the patient's concerns can lead to a breakdown in trust and communication. Choice C is incorrect as ignoring the patient's concerns is not addressing the patient's needs. Choice D is incorrect because financial concerns are valid and should be considered in decision-making.
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During surgery, the nurse notices that the patient's blood pressure is trending higher than the baseline. What action should the nurse take?
- A. Administer antihypertensive medication
- B. Document the blood pressure readings in the anesthesia record
- C. Notify the anesthesia provider for further assessment
- D. Continue monitoring the patient's blood pressure closely
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Notify the anesthesia provider for further assessment. This is the most appropriate action because an anesthesia provider is trained to assess and manage changes in blood pressure during surgery. Administering antihypertensive medication (A) without proper assessment can be dangerous. Documenting the readings (B) is important but not the immediate action. Continuing to monitor closely (D) is necessary but notifying the anesthesia provider for further assessment should be the priority.
The physician prescribes decongestant intranasal spray. The nurse instructs the client on the proper use of the spray. Which of the following procedures is the CORRECT method?
- A. Finish instillation of spray into one nostril before spraying into the other nostril
- B. Inhale quickly to prevent irritation off the mucous membranes
- C. Blow the nose after spraying to prevent medications from entering the throat
- D. Tilt the head slightly forward and angle the bottle toward the side of the nostril
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Tilt the head slightly forward and angle the bottle toward the side of the nostril. This method allows for proper administration of the spray into the nasal passage, ensuring effective delivery of the medication. Tilted head helps direct the spray towards the nasal cavity without causing discomfort or leakage. It also helps prevent the medication from dripping down the back of the throat.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect:
A: Finishing instillation in one nostril before moving to the other can lead to uneven distribution of medication and reduced effectiveness.
B: Inhaling quickly may cause irritation and discomfort to the mucous membranes due to the forceful intake of the spray.
C: Blowing the nose after spraying can expel the medication before it has a chance to be absorbed, decreasing its efficacy.
A patient presents with recurrent episodes of brief, severe, stabbing pain in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve. Episodes are triggered by touch, chewing, or cold exposure. Which of the following neurological conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Migraine headache
- B. Cluster headache
- C. Tension-type headache
- D. Trigeminal neuralgia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Trigeminal neuralgia. This condition is characterized by recurrent, severe, stabbing pain in the trigeminal nerve distribution triggered by touch, chewing, or cold exposure. The key feature is the characteristic lancinating pain, which is not typical of migraine (choice A), cluster headache (choice B), or tension-type headache (choice C). Migraine typically presents with pulsating, moderate to severe headache associated with nausea and sensitivity to light and sound. Cluster headache is characterized by severe, unilateral pain around the eye associated with autonomic symptoms. Tension-type headache presents with bilateral, pressing or tightening pain without specific triggers. Therefore, based on the description of the symptoms in the question, trigeminal neuralgia is the most likely diagnosis.
When a person vaccinated with a Covid-19 vaccine produces antibodies to the disease, the immunity is termed:
- A. Active artificial
- B. Active natural
- C. Passive natural
- D. Passive artificial
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Active artificial immunity. This is because the person's immune system is actively stimulated by the vaccine to produce antibodies against Covid-19. It is considered artificial because it is acquired through vaccination rather than natural exposure to the disease.
B: Active natural immunity is incorrect because it refers to immunity acquired through natural exposure to the disease.
C: Passive natural immunity is incorrect because it refers to temporary immunity passed from mother to baby through breast milk or placenta.
D: Passive artificial immunity is incorrect because it refers to receiving pre-formed antibodies, such as through an injection of antibodies rather than the body producing them itself.
Which of the following interventions is the KEY to increasing the survival rates of clients with lung cancer?
- A. High-dose chemotherapy
- B. Smoking cessation
- C. Early bronchoscopy
- D. Early detection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Smoking cessation. Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, so quitting smoking is crucial in preventing and improving survival rates. Smoking cessation reduces the risk of developing lung cancer and improves treatment outcomes. High-dose chemotherapy (A) may be part of the treatment plan, but quitting smoking is more impactful. Early bronchoscopy (C) and early detection (D) are important, but without addressing the root cause (smoking), the survival rates will not significantly increase.