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Which diagnostic test would the nurse expect to be ordered for a client suspected of having an arterial disorder?
- A. Ankle-brachial index (ABI)
- B. Venous duplex ultrasound
- C. D-dimer blood test
- D. Complete blood count (CBC)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a non-invasive test that compares blood pressure in the ankle and arm to diagnose peripheral artery disease.
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The nurse is assessing a client with pericarditis. Which finding is most characteristic?
- A. Chest pain relieved by leaning forward
- B. Swelling in the ankles
- C. Fever above 103°F
- D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pericarditis causes chest pain that is typically relieved by leaning forward, reducing pressure on the inflamed pericardium.
Which dietary selection indicates the client with essential hypertension understands the discharge teaching?
- A. Fried pork chops, a loaded baked potato, and coffee.
- B. Spaghetti and meatballs, garlic bread, and iced tea.
- C. Baked ham, macaroni and cheese, and milk.
- D. Broiled fish, steamed broccoli, and garden salad.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Broiled fish, steamed broccoli, and salad (D) are low-sodium, low-fat, aligning with hypertension teaching. Pork chops (A), meatballs/bread (B), and ham/cheese (C) are high-sodium/fat.
The client with a left-sided mastectomy is diagnosed with elephantiasis of the left arm. Which signs/symptoms should the nurse expect to assess?
- A. Edematous arm from the axillary area to the fingertips.
- B. Painful, edematous, reddened lower forearm.
- C. Tented skin turgor over the entire left arm.
- D. Nipple retraction and peau d’orange skin.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elephantiasis causes chronic lymphedema, leading to arm edema from axilla to fingertips (A). Pain/redness (B) suggests infection, tented turgor (C) is dehydration, and nipple changes (D) are breast cancer signs.
Which medication should the nurse expect the health-care provider to order for a client diagnosed with arterial occlusive disease?
- A. An anticoagulant medication.
- B. An antihypertensive medication.
- C. An antiplatelet medication.
- D. A muscle relaxant.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Antiplatelet medications (e.g., aspirin, clopidogrel) (C) prevent clot formation in PAD. Anticoagulants (A) are for DVT, antihypertensives (B) for BP, and muscle relaxants (D) are irrelevant.
The client is employed in a job that requires extensive standing. Which intervention should the nurse include when discussing how to prevent varicose veins?
- A. Wear low-heeled, comfortable shoes.
- B. Wear clean white cotton socks.
- C. Move the legs back and forth often.
- D. Wear graduated compression hose.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Compression hose (D) prevent venous pooling, reducing varicose vein risk. Low heels (A), socks (B), and leg movement (C) help but are less effective.