Nokea
Which discharge instruction for a child with encopresis should the nurse question?
- A. Limit milk intake.
- B. Obtain a complete dietary log.
- C. Follow up with a child psychologist.
- D. Offer a diet high in protein.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A high-protein diet can worsen constipation; a high-fiber, balanced diet is preferable.
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Which of the ff. is a normal hemoglobin value?
- A. 38% to 48%
- B. 48 to 54 mg%
- C. 12 to 18 g/100mL
- D. 27 to 36 g/dL
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The normal hemoglobin values are typically expressed in grams per deciliter (g/dL) or grams per 100 milliliters (g/100mL) of blood. The range of 12 to 18 g/100mL is considered the normal range for hemoglobin levels in adults. Hemoglobin values outside of this range may indicate various health conditions such as anemia or polycythemia. Option A (38% to 48%) is a range for hematocrit, not hemoglobin. Option B (48 to 54 mg%) and Option D (27 to 36 g/dL) are not within the standard normal range for hemoglobin levels.
When teaching a client about insulin therapy, the nurse should instruct the client to avoid which over-the- counter preparation that can interact with insulin?
- A. Antacids
- B. Vitamins with irons
- C. Acetaminophen preparations
- D. Salicylate preparations
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Salicylates, such as aspirin, can potentiate the hypoglycemic effects of insulin. They can increase insulin sensitivity and potentially lead to low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia). Therefore, clients using insulin should avoid over-the-counter salicylate preparations to prevent this interaction and the risk of hypoglycemia. It is important for clients to always consult healthcare professionals before taking any new medications or over-the-counter preparations when using insulin therapy.
A patient is admitted with a 2-month history of fatigue, SOB, pallor, and dizziness. The patient is diagnosed with idiopathic autoimmune haemolytic anemia. On reviewing the laboratory results, the nurse notes which of the following that confirms this diagnosis?
- A. RBC fragments
- B. Microcytic, hypochromic RBCs
- C. Macrocytic, normochromic RBCs
- D. Hemoglobin molecules
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In patients with idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia, the immune system mistakenly targets and destroys its own red blood cells (RBCs). When the red blood cells are destroyed, they can break apart, leading to the presence of fragmented RBCs, also known as schistocytes or red cell fragments, in the peripheral blood. The presence of RBC fragments is a characteristic finding in this type of hemolytic anemia and helps confirm the diagnosis.
Regarding physical growth of preschool children (3-5 years), all are true EXCEPT
- A. 7-8 kg weight increment/yr
- B. 20 primary teeth erupted by 3 years
- C. brain stops myelinization by 8 years
- D. height increment/yr average is 5-6 cm up to 18 years
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Weight increment varies and is generally less than 7-8 kg/yr.
The child begins to understand right and left by age of
- A. 3 yr
- B. 4 yr
- C. 5 yr
- D. 6 yr
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Understanding right and left typically develops around age 5.