Nokea
Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals from the central nervous system to skeletal muscles, enabling voluntary muscle movements?
- A. Somatic nervous system
- B. Autonomic nervous system
- C. Sympathetic nervous system
- D. Parasympathetic nervous system
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the somatic nervous system. The somatic nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals from the central nervous system to skeletal muscles, allowing for voluntary muscle movements. The autonomic nervous system, sympathetic nervous system, and parasympathetic nervous system are not involved in voluntary muscle movements. Instead, they regulate involuntary functions of the body such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are not associated with voluntary muscle movements.
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What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
- A. A network of tubules that transport proteins and lipids throughout the cell
- B. A sac-like structure that stores water and nutrients
- C. The site of protein synthesis
- D. The site of cellular respiration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A) The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of tubules that are involved in the transport of proteins and lipids throughout the cell. It plays a crucial role in protein synthesis, folding, and transport within the cell. The ER can be further divided into rough ER, which has ribosomes attached to its surface and is involved in protein synthesis, and smooth ER, which is involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification. Therefore, option A is the most accurate description of the endoplasmic reticulum compared to the other options provided.
B) A sac-like structure that stores water and nutrients does not accurately describe the endoplasmic reticulum. While some organelles like vacuoles or vesicles may store water and nutrients, the ER's primary function is not storage.
C) The site of protein synthesis is partially
What is the medical term for a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
- A. Nephritis
- B. Cystitis
- C. Urethritis
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The medical term specifically used to refer to a urinary tract infection (UTI) that affects the bladder is cystitis. Nephritis refers to inflammation of the kidneys, and urethritis refers to inflammation of the urethra. As such, cystitis is the correct term for a UTI, making choice B the right answer. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they refer to different conditions affecting the urinary system.
What is cystitis an inflammation of?
- A. Kidneys
- B. Bladder
- C. Ureters
- D. Urethra
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder. It is typically caused by a bacterial infection and can lead to symptoms such as frequent urination, pain or burning during urination, and lower abdominal discomfort. The inflammation specifically affects the bladder lining. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Kidneys are not the site of inflammation in cystitis; they are associated with conditions like pyelonephritis. Ureters are tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder, and the urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Bladder.'
Cartilage, a type of connective tissue, provides flexible support in various structures. Which of these structures does NOT contain cartilage?
- A. Ears
- B. Joints
- C. Muscles
- D. Nose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that provides flexible support in various structures. Ears, joints, and the nose all contain cartilage. Muscles, however, are made up of muscle tissue, not cartilage. Therefore, muscles do not contain cartilage. Choice A, ears, choice B, joints, and choice D, nose, are incorrect as they all contain cartilage. Choice C, muscles, is the correct answer as muscles are not composed of cartilage.
Which skin condition is characterized by red, itchy, and inflamed patches?
- A. Eczema
- B. Psoriasis
- C. Melanoma
- D. Keloid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Eczema is a skin condition characterized by red, itchy, and inflamed patches. It is a common condition that can vary in severity and often presents with symptoms such as dry, scaly skin, and sometimes oozing or crusting. Psoriasis, on the other hand, presents with red, scaly patches but is not typically described as itchy. Melanoma is a type of skin cancer characterized by the development of abnormal moles, while keloid is a type of raised scar that can occur after an injury to the skin. Therefore, the correct answer is eczema due to its specific symptom presentation of red, itchy, and inflamed patches.