Nokea
Which drug regimen in AIDS is usually used?
- A. 2 nucleosides and nevirapine
- B. 2 nucleosides and a protease inhibitor
- C. 1 nucleoside, nevirapine and a protease inhibitor
- D. A and B
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: AIDS cocktails two nucleosides plus nevirapine or protease inhibitor, both slam HIV's lifecycle. Single's weak nurses mix these chronic viral brakes.
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Which of the following factors has a major impact on the development of chronic illness?
- A. Poverty
- B. Social stability
- C. Urban dwelling
- D. High school diploma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Poverty slams chronic illness cash shortages spike stress, skimp care, and fuel risks like poor diet, a root driver nurses see in diabetes or heart woes. Stability's a buffer, urban life's neutral, education helps but lacks poverty's punch. Socioeconomic holes breed disease, a chronic trap clinicians fight.
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving intravesical bladder chemotherapy. The nurse should monitor for which adverse effect?
- A. Nausea
- B. Alopecia
- C. Hematuria
- D. Xerostomia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intravesical chemo (e.g., BCG for bladder cancer) targets the bladder lining directly hematuria (blood in urine) is the biggie to watch, signaling irritation or tumor breakdown. It's local, not systemic, so nausea and alopecia whole-body effects from IV chemo don't fit. Xerostomia (dry mouth) might tag along with systemic agents hitting salivary glands, not this route. Nurses track hematuria here because it's the bladder's cry for help, a common, expected reaction to drugs bathing the mucosa. In oncology, knowing delivery matters intravesical skips the bloodstream, keeping side effects bladder-focused, critical for patient comfort and spotting complications early.
Which organism can not be detected by antigen testing of CSF, serum or urine?
- A. cryptococcus neoformans
- B. TB
- C. Ecoli
- D. Hemophilus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: TB hides from antigen tests slow grower, no quick CSF, serum, or urine markers like cryptococcus' capsular catch, E. coli's bits, Haemophilus' caps, or Group B strep's flags. Nurses lean on culture or PCR here, a chronic stealth bug dodging rapid nets.
In a patient with COPD, the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications increases with:
- A. Wheezing on preoperative examination.
- B. A history of preoperative cough.
- C. Low body mass index (BMI).
- D. A serum albumin concentration less than 35 mg litreâ»Â¹.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Postoperative pulmonary complications in COPD patients are influenced by disease severity and patient condition. Wheezing indicates active airway obstruction and inflammation, directly increasing the risk of complications like atelectasis or pneumonia due to impaired ventilation and secretion clearance. A preoperative cough may suggest irritation or infection but is less specific than wheezing as a risk predictor. Low BMI reflects malnutrition, a known risk factor, but its impact is less immediate than active respiratory symptoms. Low serum albumin (<35 g/L, not mg/L as stated) also indicates poor nutritional status and healing capacity, elevating risk, but wheezing is more directly tied to airway dynamics. Regional anesthesia may reduce complications compared to general anesthesia, but the question focuses on risk factors. Wheezing's presence signals acute respiratory compromise, making it the strongest preoperative indicator of postoperative issues.
A nurse is caring for a 19-year-old male recently diagnosed with leukemia. Which of the following nursing interventions is appropriate for the care of this client?
- A. Fluid restriction
- B. Low residual diet
- C. Therapeutic phlebotomy
- D. Strict hand hygiene to prevent infection
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Leukemia's marrow mess drops immunity strict hand hygiene shields this 19-year-old from infections, a top intervention as neutrophils crash. Fluid restriction fits overload, not here. Low residual diets aid bowels, irrelevant. Phlebotomy's for polycythemia. Nurses scrub up, guarding this young client, a germ-free must in leukemia's fragile fight.