Nokea
Which drug regimen in AIDS is usually used?
- A. 2 nucleosides and nevirapine
- B. 2 nucleosides and a protease inhibitor
- C. 1 nucleoside, nevirapine and a protease inhibitor
- D. A and B
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: AIDS cocktails two nucleosides plus nevirapine or protease inhibitor, both slam HIV's lifecycle. Single's weak nurses mix these chronic viral brakes.
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According to the theory of planned behaviour, what is the best predictor of behaviour?
- A. Attitude
- B. Habit
- C. Intention
- D. Social norm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Planned behaviour intention rules, not just liking, routine, or peer push. Nurses bet on this, a chronic action cue.
The nurse is working in the emergency department and has four clients arrive at the same time. Which client should the nurse see first?
- A. A client requesting antibiotics for a cough
- B. A client who has a facial fracture with severe facial and oral swelling
- C. A client who states she has not urinated in 8 hours
- D. A client with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease reporting increased dyspnea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Facial fracture with severe swelling risks airway ABCs dictate first look, as edema could choke breathing fast. Cough's stable, anuria's concerning but not immediate, COPD dyspnea's chronic unless crashing. Nurses triage swelling, anticipating intubation, a split-second save in this ED rush.
A nurse is planning a diet for a client who is iron deficient. Which of the following foods high in iron should the nurse include in the plan?
- A. Yogurt
- B. Leafy green vegetables
- C. Oranges
- D. Cashews
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Iron deficiency craves heme leafy greens like spinach pack non-heme iron, boosting hemoglobin, a diet fix over dairy's low yield. Oranges aid absorption, not iron itself; cashews offer some, less potently. Nurses plan greens, pairing with vitamin C, a practical lift for this anemic client's blood.
Which is not true of gangrene?
- A. it is usually caused by clostridium perfringens
- B. pain is out of proportion to the soft tissue injury
- C. hyperbaric oxygen is recommended
- D. gas must be seen on a plain xray
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Gangrene Clostridium leads, pain screams, oxygen helps, surgery rules; gas isn't must-see. Nurses cut this chronic myth.
Risk factors for developing COPD include:
- A. Seasonal respiratory conditions and family history of emphysema
- B. Age, high fat diet and sedentary lifestyle
- C. History of cardiovascular and autoimmune conditions
- D. Indoor and outdoor air pollution
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: COPD risk factors center on chronic airway damage. Seasonal respiratory conditions may exacerbate, not cause, COPD, though family history of emphysema suggests genetic risk (e.g., alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency), but it's less primary than exposure. Age is a factor as lung function declines naturally, but high fat diet and sedentary lifestyle are more linked to obesity or cardiovascular disease, not directly COPD. Cardiovascular and autoimmune histories don't drive COPD etiology smoking and pollution do. Indoor (e.g., biomass smoke) and outdoor air pollution (e.g., particulates) are major irritants, causing inflammation and irreversible airflow limitation, per Deravin and Anderson (2019). Pollution's role is critical globally, especially in occupational or urban settings, outweighing secondary factors by directly triggering the chronic inflammatory cascade defining COPD pathogenesis.