Nokea
Which element in the molecule of urea shows that it is formed from amino acids and not from glucose?
- A. carbon
- B. hydrogen
- C. nitrogen
- D. oxygen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nitrogen is a key component of amino acids and is retained in urea during deamination.
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Teeth adapted to shear food are:
- A. premolars
- B. canines
- C. incisors
- D. molars
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Incisors are sharp-edged teeth designed for cutting or shearing food.
What is the main role of the hepatic portal system?
- A. Regulating blood glucose levels through the release of insulin
- B. Supplying oxygen to the liver for metabolic processes
- C. Eliminating toxins from the bloodstream
- D. Filtering and processing nutrients absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The hepatic portal system transports nutrient-rich blood from the GI tract to the liver for processing and detoxification before entering systemic circulation.
Which of the following hydrolytic enzymes act in low pH?
- A. Peroxidases
- B. Hydrolases
- C. Amylases
- D. Proteases
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Proteases, such as pepsin, function optimally in the low pH environment of the stomach.
What is the role of mucus secreted by the stomach?
- A. To protect the lining of the stomach
- B. To digest fats
- C. To kill the germs in the food
- D. To digest the proteins
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mucus or Gastric mucus is a gel barrier secreted by epithelial cells & glandular cells in the stomach wall. It protects the inner lining of the stomach from HCl.
If a patient is experiencing an intensified sympathetic response, listening to the bowel sounds during auscultation would most likely reveal:
- A. An increase in both the rate and intensity of the bowel sounds
- B. An increase in the rate of bowel sounds accompanied by a decrease in intensity
- C. A decrease in both the rate and intensity of the bowel sounds
- D. Bowel sounds with a normal rate and intensity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sympathetic activation inhibits GI motility (fight-or-flight response), reducing bowel sound rate and intensity.