Nokea
Which enzyme is activated by oxidative stress in endothelial cells and plays a key role in the development of complications?
- A. GAPDH
- B. Glyoxalase-1
- C. PARP
- D. Transketolase
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: PARP wakes to oxidative hits repairs DNA, drives damage in diabetes vessels, not GAPDH's stall, glyoxalase's detox, or transketolase's shunt. Nurses clock this, a chronic complication cog.
You may also like to solve these questions
A nurse is caring for a client recently diagnosed with hypertension. Which of the following should be included in the discharge teaching?
- A. Decrease physical activity to avoid spikes in blood pressure
- B. Diet changes are not recommended
- C. Only check blood pressure at a clinic or pharmacy
- D. Adherence to sodium restrictions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypertension bows to sodium cutting it shrinks fluid, easing BP, a discharge must-teach as salt drives pressure up. Activity lowers BP, diet's key, home checks empower. Nurses push sodium limits, like 2.3 g daily, a lifestyle linchpin to tame this silent killer, grounding clients in control.
Which feature is not suspicious for allopurinol-induced SCAR?
- A. Generalised itch within 24 - 48 hours
- B. Sore throat
- C. Transaminitis
- D. Conjunctivitis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: SCAR sore throat, liver jump, eye burn, fever scream; itch alone's mild, not dire. Nurses sift this chronic rash red flag.
A 3-year-old girl with a Wilms tumor is returning to the unit after a simple nephrectomy. Which of the following actions have the highest priority in caring for this child?
- A. Maintaining NPO.
- B. Monitoring the BP every 2 hours.
- C. Turning her every 2 hours.
- D. Administering pain medication every 4 hours.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: After a nephrectomy for Wilms tumor, monitoring blood pressure (BP) every 2 hours is the highest priority because kidney removal disrupts renin-angiotensin regulation, risking hypo- or hypertension, especially in a young child with one remaining kidney. Using the ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation), BP falls under circulation, a critical postoperative focus to detect shock or fluid imbalance early. Maintaining NPO is temporary post-anesthesia but shifts to hydration once awake, less urgent than BP. Turning every 2 hours prevents pressure ulcers, but a mobile 3-year-old post-simple nephrectomy likely moves independently unless sedated, lowering its priority. Pain medication is key but ranks lower (e.g., G' in extended ABCs) than circulation. Frequent BP checks ensure stability, aligning with nursing's role in pediatric surgical care to prevent complications in a child adapting to single-kidney function.
For a patient who is receiving chemotherapy, which laboratory result is of particular importance?
- A. WBC
- B. PT and PTT
- C. Electrolytes
- D. BUN
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chemotherapy suppresses bone marrow, slashing white blood cell counts especially neutrophils heightening infection risk, making WBC monitoring paramount. Low counts trigger protective measures or treatment holds, directly tied to therapy's myelosuppressive core. PT and PTT track clotting, relevant for bleeding but less immediate. Electrolytes matter for overall status, but imbalances aren't chemotherapy's primary threat. BUN reflects kidney function, indirectly affected by some drugs, not the frontline concern. WBC's critical drop demands swift action fevers in neutropenia are emergencies underscoring its priority in safeguarding patients through treatment's immune-compromising phases.
Glibenclamide belongs to the class
- A. Sulphonylureas
- B. Thiazolidinediones
- C. Benzoic acid derivatives
- D. Biguanides
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glibenclamide's a sulphonylurea pumps insulin from beta cells, a classic diabetes fix. Thiazolidinediones tweak sensitivity, benzoic acids like repaglinide hit fast, biguanides like metformin curb liver glucose. It's a chronic pancreas prod, not a sensitivity or liver play nurses and pharmacists peg it for type 2's insulin lag, a distinct class with a clear job.