Nokea
Which erythrocyte characteristic would the nurse expect to see in the laboratory findings for a patient who has experienced acute blood loss?
- A. Microcytic.
- B. Normocytic.
- C. Hypochromic.
- D. Megaloblastic.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Normocytic erythrocytes, or normal-sized red blood cells, are usually seen in acute blood loss as the body's initial response doesn't alter the size of red blood cells.
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Which acid-base mechanism would the kidney use to buffer a patient's acidosis (serum pH <7.35)? Select all that apply.
- A. Eliminating excess H+.
- B. Excreting excess water.
- C. Eliminating excess CO2.
- D. Reabsorbing additional HCO3-.
- E. Reabsorbing additional sodium ions.
Correct Answer: A,D
Rationale: The kidneys buffer acidosis by eliminating excess hydrogen ions (H+) and reabsorbing additional bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) to neutralize acid and raise pH.
A patient who smokes reports chest pain while at rest. Which condition would the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?
- A. Silent ischemia.
- B. Angina decubitus.
- C. Prinzmetal angina.
- D. Chronic stable angina.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prinzmetal angina, also known as variant angina, typically occurs at rest due to coronary artery spasms, which aligns with the patient's symptoms of chest pain at rest.
The nurse provides education to a patient with thrombocytopenia about precautions to be taken at home. The nurse identifies that further teaching is needed when the patient performs which action?
- A. Drinks 14 glasses of water daily.
- B. Shaves once a day using an electric razor.
- C. Uses an alcohol-based mouthwash twice a day.
- D. Brushes teeth with a soft-bristle toothbrush twice a day.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alcohol-based mouthwash can cause mucosal irritation and bleeding, inappropriate for thrombocytopenia, suggesting further education is needed.
The nurse notes that a patient has a smooth and shiny tongue surface. The nurse would attribute these findings to which condition?
- A. The patient has neutropenia.
- B. The patient has polycythemia.
- C. The patient has pernicious anemia.
- D. The patient has elevated estrogen levels.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pernicious anemia causes glossitis, leading to a smooth and shiny tongue surface due to vitamin B12 deficiency.
A patient is diagnosed with primary hypertension and asks the nurse what caused the condition. Which response would the nurse give?
- A. There is no identified cause!
- B. A decrease in plasma renin levels.
- C. Too much plaque in the blood vessels.
- D. Kidney disease is the most common cause.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primary hypertension, or essential hypertension, has no identifiable cause in most cases, distinguishing it from secondary hypertension.