Nokea
Which fact is correct about the nucleoids in bacteria:
- A. Contain a haploid bacterial chromosomes in each nucleus
- B. Are reabsorbed well by the method of Neisser
- C. Are 1 to 4 in each bacterial cell depending on the nature of the cell and the phases of growth and replication
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because nucleoids in bacteria can vary in number from 1 to 4 depending on the specific bacterial cell and its growth and replication phases. This is due to the dynamic nature of bacterial cells and their genetic material organization.
Choice A is incorrect because nucleoids do not contain nuclear membranes or multiple haploid chromosomes like eukaryotic nuclei. Choice B is incorrect as there is no known method of reabsorbing nucleoids by Neisser. Choice D is incorrect as option C is indeed the correct statement regarding the number of nucleoids in bacterial cells.
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Streptococci are:
- A. Gram-positive, short rod shaped bacteria and size 4-6 µm
- B. Gram-negative, rounded or lanceolate shape and size 0,5-1 µm
- C. Gram-negative, short rod shaped bacteria and size 4-6 µm
- D. Gram-positive, spherical or lanceolate shape and size 0,5-1 µm
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because Streptococci are Gram-positive bacteria, typically spherical in shape, and range from 0.5-1 µm in size.
A is incorrect as streptococci are not rod-shaped and are usually smaller in size. B is incorrect as they are not Gram-negative and are not typically of such small size.
C is incorrect as streptococci are not Gram-negative and are not usually rod-shaped. Thus, based on their characteristics, the correct answer is D.
Acne is caused by:
- A. Staphylococcus aureus
- B. Staphylococcus epidermidis
- C. Streptococcus pyogenes
- D. Propionibacterium acnes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Propionibacterium acnes. This bacterium plays a key role in acne formation by colonizing hair follicles, leading to inflammation and acne lesions. It produces fatty acids that contribute to the development of acne. Staphylococcus aureus (A) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (B) are not directly linked to acne. Streptococcus pyogenes (C) is associated with skin infections but not acne. In summary, Propionibacterium acnes is the primary bacterium responsible for acne due to its ability to induce inflammation and follicular blockages.
A patient who has been taking tetracycline for a long time has developed candidosis of mucous membranes. What drug shoul administered for its treatment?
- A. Itraconazole
- B. Griseofulvin
- C. Nitrofungin
- D. Amphotericin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Itraconazole. Itraconazole is an antifungal medication commonly used to treat candidosis. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a key component of fungal cell membranes. This action disrupts the integrity of the fungal cell membrane, leading to cell death. Griseofulvin (B) is primarily used to treat fungal infections of the skin and nails, not mucous membranes. Nitrofungin (C) is not commonly used for candidosis treatment. Amphotericin (D) is a potent antifungal medication but is typically reserved for severe or systemic fungal infections due to its potential side effects.
Family Reoviridae does not include:
- A. Orthoreovirus type 3
- B. Orthomyxovirus type 1
- C. Orthoreovirus type 1
- D. Orthoreovirus type 2
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Orthomyxovirus type 1. Family Reoviridae includes Orthoreovirus types 1, 2, and 3. Orthomyxovirus belongs to a different family, Orthomyxoviridae. Therefore, B is the correct answer. Orthoreovirus types 1, 2, and 3 are part of the Reoviridae family. Choice A, C, and D are incorrect because they are all part of the Reoviridae family which includes Orthoreoviruses.
Enriched growth media:
- A. Belong to the minimal media and inhibit the development of gram+ cocci
- B. Support the development of the target bacteria groups without suppressing the growth of other microorganisms
- C. Are intended for the cultivation of only one microbial species
- D. Support the development of target bacteria groups and suppress the development of other microorganisms
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because enriched growth media provide essential nutrients that support the growth of target bacteria groups without inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms. This allows for the selective cultivation of specific microbes while still allowing for the growth of other organisms present in the sample. Choice A is incorrect because enriched media do not belong to minimal media and do not inhibit the development of gram+ cocci. Choice C is incorrect because enriched media can support the growth of multiple microbial species. Choice D is incorrect because enriched media do not suppress the development of other microorganisms but rather provide nutrients to support their growth alongside the target bacteria groups.