Antenatal complications

Antenatal complications Related

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Which factor is most important in diminishing maternal, fetal, and neonatal complications in a pregnant patient with diabetes?

  • A. Evaluation of retinopathy by an ophthalmologist
  • B. The patient's stable emotional and psychological status
  • C. Degree of glycemic control before and during the pregnancy
  • D. Total protein excretion and creatinine clearance within normal limits
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, the degree of glycemic control before and during the pregnancy. Proper management of blood sugar levels is crucial in reducing complications in pregnant patients with diabetes. Uncontrolled blood sugar levels can lead to adverse outcomes for both the mother and the baby. Monitoring and maintaining optimal glycemic control before and during pregnancy can help prevent complications such as birth defects, preterm birth, macrosomia, and neonatal hypoglycemia.

Choice A, evaluation of retinopathy by an ophthalmologist, is important for diabetic patients but is not the most critical factor in reducing maternal, fetal, and neonatal complications.

Choice B, the patient's stable emotional and psychological status, is important for overall well-being but does not directly impact maternal, fetal, and neonatal complications in the same way as glycemic control.

Choice D, total protein excretion and creatinine clearance within normal limits, is important for assessing kidney function in diabetic patients but is not as directly related to

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Nursing intervention for pregnant patients with diabetes is based on the knowledge that the need for insulin is

  • A. varied depending on the stage of gestation.
  • B. increased throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period.
  • C. decreased throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period.
  • D. should not change because the fetus produces its own insulin.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because insulin needs vary during pregnancy due to hormonal changes affecting insulin sensitivity. In early pregnancy, insulin needs may decrease due to increased insulin sensitivity, but in late pregnancy, insulin needs may increase due to insulin resistance. Choice B is incorrect as insulin needs do not consistently increase throughout pregnancy and postpartum. Choice C is incorrect as insulin needs typically increase rather than decrease during pregnancy. Choice D is incorrect as the fetus does not produce its own insulin to regulate the mother's blood sugar levels.

Why is a multiple-gestation pregnancy considered a high risk?

  • A. Postpartum hemorrhage is an expected complication.
  • B. Perinatal mortality is two to three times more likely in multiple than in single births.
  • C. Optimal psychological adjustment after a multiple birth requires 6 months to 1 year.
  • D. Maternal mortality is higher during the prenatal period in the setting of multiple gestation.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because perinatal mortality is two to three times more likely in multiple gestation pregnancies compared to single births. This is due to the increased risk of complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and other neonatal issues. Postpartum hemorrhage (A) is a potential complication but not specific to multiple gestation pregnancies. Optimal psychological adjustment (C) and maternal mortality during the prenatal period (D) are not directly related to the increased risks associated with multiple gestation pregnancies.

A patient at 25 weeks' gestation has just been diagnosed with gestational diabetes. What is the most important education for the nurse to provide the patient at this time?

  • A. induction of labor
  • B. nutrition
  • C. potential fetal complications
  • D. potential maternal complications
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: nutrition. At 25 weeks' gestation with gestational diabetes, nutrition education is crucial to manage blood sugar levels and prevent complications. Proper diet control can help regulate blood glucose levels, ensuring optimal fetal growth and reducing the risk of macrosomia. Educating the patient on a balanced diet, monitoring carbohydrate intake, and understanding the glycemic index are essential. Induction of labor (choice A) is not indicated at this stage and may lead to potential complications. While discussing potential fetal (choice C) and maternal (choice D) complications is important, addressing nutrition takes precedence as it directly impacts the health of both the mother and the fetus.

Which clinical intervention is the only known cure for preeclampsia?

  • A. Magnesium sulfate
  • B. Delivery of the fetus
  • C. Antihypertensive medications
  • D. Administration of aspirin (ASA) every day of the pregnancy
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Delivery of the fetus. Preeclampsia is a serious condition that can only be cured by delivering the baby and placenta. This is because the placenta is the source of the problem in preeclampsia. Other options like magnesium sulfate, antihypertensive medications, and aspirin can help manage symptoms but do not cure the underlying condition. Magnesium sulfate is used to prevent seizures in severe cases, antihypertensive medications control high blood pressure, and aspirin may be used for prevention but not as a cure. Delivery is the definitive treatment to resolve preeclampsia and prevent further complications for both the mother and the baby.

A patient, who delivered her third child yesterday, has just learned that her two school-age children have contracted chickenpox. What should the nurse tell her?

  • A. Her two children should be treated with acyclovir before she goes home from the hospital.
  • B. The baby will acquire immunity from her and will not be susceptible to chickenpox.
  • C. The children can visit their mother and baby in the hospital as planned but must wear gowns and masks.
  • D. She must make arrangements to stay somewhere other than her home until the children are no longer contagious.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the patient, having just given birth, is at a higher risk of complications from chickenpox. By staying away from her home until her children are no longer contagious, she reduces the risk of contracting the illness and potentially passing it on to her newborn. This is crucial for the safety of both the mother and the baby.

Choice A is incorrect because treating the children with acyclovir does not prevent the mother from contracting chickenpox. Choice B is incorrect as immunity is not transferred from the children to the mother or newborn. Choice C is incorrect because even with gowns and masks, the risk of transmission is still present, especially for a postpartum mother and a newborn.

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