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Which factor most impacts the type of injury a child is susceptible to, according to the child's age?
- A. Physical health of the child
- B. Developmental level of the child
- C. Educational level of the child
- D. Number of responsible adults in the home
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The developmental level of the child most impacts the type of injury they are susceptible to based on their age. As children grow and develop, their physical abilities, cognitive skills, and understanding of the environment change. Younger children may be more susceptible to injuries related to exploration and lack of awareness of dangerous situations, while older children may be more prone to injuries during physical activities or sports. Understanding the developmental stage of a child is crucial in assessing potential risks and implementing appropriate safety measures to prevent injuries.
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Immunity to a disease after recovery is possible because the first exposure to the pathogen has stimulated the formation of which of the following?
- A. Antigens
- B. Complement
- C. Memory cells
- D. Natural killer cells
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Immunity to a disease after recovery is possible because the first exposure to the pathogen has stimulated the formation of memory cells. Memory cells are a type of immune cell that "remembers" the specific pathogen encountered during the initial infection. When the same pathogen tries to infect the individual again, these memory cells quickly recognize the pathogen and mount a faster and stronger immune response, leading to a quicker recovery and preventing the person from getting sick again from the same pathogen. This immune memory is the basis of acquired immunity, providing long-lasting protection against future infections by the same pathogen.
On what is successful breastfeeding most dependent?
- A. Mother's socioeconomic level
- B. Size of mother's breasts
- C. Mother's desire to breastfeed
- D. Birth weight of newborn
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Successful breastfeeding is most dependent on the mother's desire to breastfeed. A mother who is committed and motivated to breastfeed is more likely to overcome any challenges that may arise, such as difficulty latching, low milk supply, or lack of support. The mother's determination and willingness to persevere through any difficulties play a significant role in the success of breastfeeding. Additionally, a positive attitude and mindset can greatly impact the mother's breastfeeding experience and enhance the bond between the mother and baby.
Chemotherapeutic agents such as methotrexate and cyclophosphamide are sometimes used to treat JRA. Why are these medications used?
- A. Effective against cancer, like JRA.
- B. Affect the immune system.
- C. Are similar to NSAIDs.
- D. Are absorbed into the synovial fluid.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chemotherapeutic agents like methotrexate and cyclophosphamide are used to treat Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) because they work by suppressing the immune system. In JRA, the immune system is overactive and attacks the body's own tissues, leading to inflammation and joint damage. By suppressing immune system activity, these medications can help reduce inflammation and prevent further joint damage in patients with JRA.
Which of the ff would describe the discomfort experienced by a client with a tension headache?
- A. A heavy feeling over the frontal region and sensitivity to light
- B. Pressure or steady constriction on both sides of the head
- C. Headache and temporary unilateral paralysis
- D. Vague headache, especially peri orbital
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tension headaches are commonly described as a sensation of pressure, tightness, or steady constriction around the head. This discomfort is usually felt on both sides of the head, rather than being localized to one specific area. Unlike migraines which may have a pulsating or throbbing quality, tension headaches are characterized by a continuous dull ache. Sensitivity to light (photophobia) and vague headaches are more commonly associated with migraines, not tension headaches. Temporary unilateral paralysis and peri orbital pain are not typical symptoms of tension headaches.
Which of the following would the nurse evaluate as laboratory data that support the occurrence of AIDS?
- A. 900 CD 4+ cells
- B. 500 CD 4+ cells
- C. 700 CD 4+ cells
- D. 200 CD 4+ cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse would evaluate 200 CD 4+ cells as laboratory data that support the occurrence of AIDS. In patients with AIDS, there is a significant decrease in the CD4+ T-lymphocyte count, typically falling below 200 cells/mm³. This low CD4+ cell count increases the risk of opportunistic infections and indicates severe immune suppression, which is characteristic of AIDS. A CD4+ count of 200 or less is an important criterion for the diagnosis of AIDS according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.