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Which factors would be considered in the first steps in developing an effective patient classification system? (select all that apply)
- A. Planned procedures
- B. Ethnic diversity of patients
- C. Clinical competency of staff
- D. Educational level of nurses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In developing a patient classification system, planned procedures are crucial as they determine resource allocation, staffing needs, and patient acuity. Understanding the procedures aids in categorizing patients accurately based on care requirements. Ethnic diversity, clinical competency, and educational level are not primary factors in this initial step as they do not directly impact patient classification. Ethnicity does not determine care needs, staff competency should already be ensured, and nurse education level is not the sole determinant of patient classification. Hence, A is the correct choice for developing an effective patient classification system.
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A community in the New Madrid fault zone experiences an earthquake resulting in injuries from propelled objects and abrasions for many victims. The local supply of antibiotics is quickly exhausted. Local authorities would contact the:
- A. Commissioned Corps Readiness Force.
- B. Strategic National Stockpile.
- C. Department of Homeland Security.
- D. local Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA).
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Strategic National Stockpile. This is because the Strategic National Stockpile is a federal repository of antibiotics, medical supplies, and equipment to respond to public health emergencies. In this scenario, the local supply of antibiotics is exhausted, so contacting the Strategic National Stockpile would provide the necessary antibiotics to treat the injured victims.
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
A: The Commissioned Corps Readiness Force is a team of health professionals who can be deployed during public health emergencies, but they do not specifically store or distribute medical supplies like antibiotics.
C: The Department of Homeland Security focuses on national security and disaster response, but they do not directly handle the distribution of medical supplies like antibiotics.
D: The local Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) is a community organization that is not equipped to provide medical supplies for emergency response situations like this earthquake scenario.
A nurse is interested in working in a large trauma center that is unionized but does not want to join the union or pay fees. She accepts the position but is not required to join or pay fees to the union based on which law?
- A. National Labor Relations Act
- B. Right-to-work law
- C. National Labor Relations Act
- D. Taft-Hartley Act
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Right-to-work law. This law prohibits requiring union membership or payment of union fees as a condition of employment. The nurse can work in the unionized trauma center without being obligated to join or pay fees due to the provisions of the Right-to-work law.
A: National Labor Relations Act - This act protects the rights of employees to join or form unions but does not specifically address the issue of mandatory union membership or fees.
C: National Labor Relations Act - This is a duplicate choice.
D: Taft-Hartley Act - This act regulates labor unions but does not specifically address the issue of mandatory union membership or fees.
A client who is reading a newspaper asks, "This article about health care states that many providers of health care lack effectiveness. What is the difference between effectiveness and efficiency?" The nurse explains that:
- A. effective means performing the correct test or intervention whereas efficiency refers to the wise use of supplies and resources for the desired outcome.
- B. effective refers to competence in clinical practice and efficiency describes quick completion of the task.
- C. efficiency means wasting and meeting a minimum standard and effectiveness refers to taking all the time needed to exceed expectations.
- D. efficiency refers to speed and effectiveness refers to the usefulness of the implementation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Define effectiveness and efficiency - Effectiveness is achieving the intended outcome, while efficiency is achieving the outcome with minimal waste.
Step 2: Analyze option A - It correctly defines effectiveness as performing the correct test or intervention and efficiency as the wise use of supplies and resources for the desired outcome.
Step 3: Justification - The nurse explains that many healthcare providers lack effectiveness, indicating they are not achieving the desired outcomes, which aligns with the definition of effectiveness in option A.
Step 4: Summary of incorrect choices - B incorrectly defines efficiency as quick completion of tasks, C confuses efficiency with wastage, and D incorrectly associates efficiency with speed rather than minimal waste.
In the preparedness phase for disasters, the community plans for a possible terrorist attack using anthrax as the weapon of destruction. What treatments and/or preparations would be needed?
- A. Vaccines and Level B Personal Protection Equipment (PPE)
- B. Treatment for burns, decontamination, and Level A PPE
- C. Social distance determination, decontamination for radioactive fallout
- D. Identify and detect incendiary devices, treatment for burns and propellants
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vaccines and Level B Personal Protection Equipment (PPE). In the preparedness phase for a terrorist attack using anthrax, vaccines are crucial for prevention. Level B PPE provides respiratory protection and skin protection against anthrax spores. This is essential for healthcare workers and first responders.
Choice B is incorrect as it mentions treatment for burns, which is not relevant to anthrax exposure. Decontamination and Level A PPE are not specifically needed for anthrax. Choice C is incorrect as it mentions radioactive fallout, which is not relevant to anthrax. Social distancing is also not effective in preventing anthrax exposure. Choice D is incorrect as it mentions incendiary devices and treatment for burns, which are not related to anthrax exposure. Identifying and detecting propellants is also not relevant to anthrax preparedness.
A client and her husband used in vitro fertilization to become pregnant. The unused sperm was frozen so the couple could have more children later. The husband is killed while in combat, and the client journals her choices and the possible ramifications. She comes to the fertility clinic after looking at the situation from many perspectives and after considering many alternatives. She asks that the sperm be destroyed because her husband's faith prohibited remarrying, and allowing another person to use the sperm would conflict with her late husband's beliefs. The nurse realizes that:
- A. the client is in the second step of ethical decision making and that the client's value system is influencing her choices of alternative actions.
- B. a logical line of reasoning has led to validation of the decision to destroy the husband's sperm.
- C. the client has not been able to navigate the complicated issues inherent in this situation.
- D. a rational decision was reached that was based on reflection and on the value systems of the wife and the husband.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the client's decision to destroy the husband's sperm was based on reflection and the value systems of both the wife and the husband. Firstly, the client considered her late husband's faith and beliefs, showing reflection on his values. Secondly, she analyzed the situation from various perspectives and considered alternatives, indicating a rational decision-making process. This decision was reached after careful consideration of ethical and moral implications, demonstrating a logical and reasoned approach. In contrast, choices A and C imply shortcomings in the client's decision-making process, while choice B focuses solely on validation without considering the underlying reasoning. Therefore, choice D is the most appropriate as it aligns with the client's thoughtful and value-based decision-making process.