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Which feature is a major advantage of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)?
- A. The surgeon can record entire surgical procedure on a video.
- B. The surgeon can remove tumors of the lung through a small keyhole incision.
- C. The surgeon can x-ray and excise tumor in the same procedure.
- D. The surgeon can avoid the use of a closed chest drainage system after surgery.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery allows surgeons to remove tumors through a small keyhole incision. Although the incisions are small, a closed chest drainage system will still be necessary after the surgery.
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Which intervention should the nurse use to keep the chest tubes from becoming occluded?
- A. Irrigate tubes as needed.
- B. Prevent the patient from lying on it.
- C. Loop the tube over the bed rail.
- D. Milk' the tube frequently.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: To keep the tubes patent, the patient should not lie on the tubing. These tubes are not irrigated and should not be milked frequently.
Which nursing intervention is for a patient, age 40, who is diagnosed with active tuberculosis?
- A. Place the patient in drainage and secretion precautions.
- B. Place the patient in acid-fast bacillus (AFB) Isolation Precautions.
- C. Maintain the patient in enteric isolation.
- D. Place the patient in any Isolation Precautions.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: If TB is suspected, place the patient in acid-fast bacillus (AFB) Isolation Precautions immediately.
Exposure to an asthma trigger can cause which aspect of asthma to occur next?
- A. Inflammatory process in the mast cells of the lungs
- B. Increase in edema and mucus production in the bronchioles
- C. Release of histamine
- D. Narrowing of the airways
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The allergen activates the mast cells in the lungs, which release histamine, causing an increase in edema and mucus production that narrows the airways and causes the classic signs of asthma.
Which patient assessment indicates the most severe respiratory distress?
- A. Nasal flaring, symmetrical chest wall expansion, SaO2 88%
- B. Abdominal breathing, SaO2 97%
- C. Substernal retraction, SaO2 84%
- D. Substernal retraction, SaO2 90%
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Observe the patient's facial expressions and signs of respiratory distress, such as flaring nostrils, substernal or clavicular retractions, asymmetrical chest wall expansion, and abdominal breathing. The lower the SaO2, the more severe the respiratory distress.
The nurse recognizes that the reading in an arterial gas report indicates the amount of oxygen dissolved in the plasma.
Correct Answer: PaO2
Rationale: The PaO2 reading indicates the amount of oxygen dissolved in the plasma.