Nokea
Which finding best indicates that a school-age child has acute glomerular nephritis?
- A. Periorbital edema
- B. Excessive urination
- C. Increased appetite
- D. Low blood pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Periorbital edema is a classic sign of acute glomerular nephritis due to fluid retention from impaired glomerular filtration, reflecting reduced sodium and water excretion.
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19 years old primigravida comes in emergency at 32 weeks of gestation. She is complaining of blurring of vision,gross edema. On examination her B.P is 170/115 mm Hg. What is the most likely diagnosis:
- A. Hypertension.
- B. Renal disease.
- C. Eclampsia.
- D. Preeclampsia.
- E. Thyroid disease.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Preeclampsia is characterized by hypertension (BP ≥140/90 mmHg) after 20 weeks gestation with symptoms like edema and visual disturbances. Eclampsia involves seizures which are not mentioned. Hypertension alone lacks other symptoms and renal or thyroid disease are less likely without specific indicators.
Which instruction is essential to give the parents before the child's discharge?
- A. Return the child for a follow-up visit in 3 to 5 days.
- B. Give the child nothing by mouth for the next 12 hours.
- C. Check the child's pupillary response every 4 hours.
- D. Awaken the child every 4 hours during the first night.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Awakening the child every 4 hours during the first night allows monitoring for neurological deterioration, such as altered consciousness, critical after a head injury.
Because the burned child is confined to bed, the nurse assesses for footdrop. Which nursing action best prevents call the development of footdrop?
- A. Apply braces to the feet and ankles.
- B. Keep the child in the side-lying position.
- C. Keep sheets tucked in at the foot of the bed.
- D. Rest the child's feet against a footboard.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Resting the child's feet against a footboard maintains a neutral position, preventing plantar flexion and footdrop during prolonged bed rest.
Perinatal mortality rate is defined as:
- A. Number of perinatal deaths per thousand live births and still births.
- B. Deaths in the first week after birth.
- C. All still births plus deaths in the first week after birth.
- D. Deaths from age 7 days the 27 completed days of life.
- E. Deaths in first week after birth.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Perinatal mortality rate is defined as the number of stillbirths and deaths in the first week of life per 1000 live births and stillbirths capturing early neonatal and late fetal losses.
Which intervention is most appropriate initially for an 8-year-old child who selects the fourth face on the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale?
- A. Take no action; the child is pain-free.
- B. Provide diversional activities to relieve the child's pain.
- C. Document findings, and recheck the child later.
- D. Give the prescribed analgesic to relieve the pain.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The fourth face on the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale indicates moderate to severe pain, requiring administration of a prescribed analgesic for effective pain relief.