Nokea
Which food should be avoided by the patient on a low-sodium diet?
- A. Apples
- B. Chicken
- C. Cheese
- D. Broccoli
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cheese is high in sodium and should be avoided by patients on a low-sodium diet. It is a common source of hidden sodium in many diets. Other high-sodium foods that should be limited or avoided include processed meats, canned soups, processed snacks, and condiments. Patients should focus on eating fresh fruits and vegetables, lean proteins like chicken (with no added salt), and whole grains to maintain a low-sodium diet.
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A patient has allergic rhinitis. In planning care for the patient, the nurse understands that if the patient does not remain compliant with the treatment regimen, the patient is at risk for developing which of the following?
- A. Sinusitis
- B. Lymphadenopathy
- C. Anaphylaxis
- D. Angioedema
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Allergic rhinitis is characterized by inflammation of the nasal passages due to exposure to allergens. If a patient with allergic rhinitis does not remain compliant with the treatment regimen, such as taking antihistamines or using nasal corticosteroids, it can lead to chronic inflammation and congestion of the nasal passages. Over time, this chronic inflammation can predispose the patient to developing complications such as sinusitis, which is the inflammation of the sinuses. Sinusitis can result in symptoms such as facial pain, pressure, nasal congestion, and fever. Therefore, non-compliance with treatment in allergic rhinitis can increase the risk of developing sinusitis as a complication.
The nurse understands that labyrinthitis is treated primarily with which of the ff. drug categories?
- A. Antihistamines
- B. Anti-inflammatories
- C. Antispasmotics
- D. Antiemetics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Labyrinthitis is an inner ear disorder that is often caused by a viral infection. Antihistamines are commonly used in the treatment of labyrinthitis to help reduce symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Antihistamines work by blocking the effects of histamine, which is a chemical in the body that can cause these symptoms. Additionally, antihistamines can help alleviate any associated allergies or inflammation in the inner ear that may be contributing to the condition. Other treatment options for labyrinthitis may include vestibular rehabilitation exercises, antiemetics for nausea and vomiting, and medications to manage dizziness.
A patient who has just had a TURP asks his nurse to explain why he has to have the bladder irrigation because it seems to increase his pain. Which of the following explanations by the nurse is best?
- A. "The bladder irrigation is needed to stop the bleeding in the bladder."
- B. "Antibiotics are being administered into the bladder to prevent infection."
- C. "The irrigation is needed to keep the catheter from becoming occluded by blood clots."
- D. "Normal production of urine is maintained with the irrigations until healing can occur."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The best explanation for the patient is option C, which states, "The irrigation is needed to keep the catheter from becoming occluded by blood clots." After a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), it is common for the patient to have some bleeding in the bladder. Bladder irrigation is done to prevent blood clots from forming and blocking the catheter. Keeping the catheter patent is important to ensure proper drainage of urine and prevent complications such as urinary retention. While the other options are related to potential reasons for bladder irrigation, option C directly addresses the immediate concern of preventing catheter occlusion by blood clots post-TURP surgery.
Alaric was diagnosed with minimal-change nephrotic syndrome; which of the following signs and symptoms are characteristics of the said disorder?
- A. Hypertension, edema, hematuria
- B. Hypertension, edema, proteinuria
- C. Gross hematuria, fever, proteinuria
- D. Poor appetite, edema, proteinuria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Minimal-change nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by the presence of proteinuria, which is the excessive loss of protein in the urine. This leads to low levels of protein in the blood, causing edema (swelling) due to fluid accumulation in the tissues. In minimal-change nephrotic syndrome, hypertension (high blood pressure) is not a typical finding. Instead, patients often present with normal blood pressure levels. Additionally, hematuria (presence of blood in the urine) is not a common symptom of this disorder. Therefore, the key signs and symptoms characteristic of minimal-change nephrotic syndrome are edema, proteinuria, and the absence of hypertension.
The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving antibiotics to treat a gram-negative bacterial infection. Because antibiotics destroy the body's normal flora, the nurse must monitor the client for:
- A. Platelet dysfunction
- B. Stomatitis
- C. Oliguria and dysuria
- D. Diarrhea
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When a client is receiving antibiotics to treat an infection, especially a gram-negative bacterial infection, the antibiotics may disrupt the balance of normal flora in the gastrointestinal tract. This disruption can lead to an overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, resulting in diarrhea. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea is a common complication of antibiotic therapy due to the disruption of normal gut flora. Therefore, the nurse must monitor the client for signs and symptoms of diarrhea and intervene promptly to prevent complications such as dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Platelet dysfunction, stomatitis, and oliguria/dysuria are not typically associated with the destruction of normal flora due to antibiotic therapy for a gram-negative bacterial infection.