Introduction to Maternity and Pediatric Nursing Test Bank

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A patient has allergic rhinitis. In planning care for the patient, the nurse understands that if the patient does not remain compliant with the treatment regimen, the patient is at risk for developing which of the following?

  • A. Sinusitis
  • B. Lymphadenopathy
  • C. Anaphylaxis
  • D. Angioedema
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Allergic rhinitis is characterized by inflammation of the nasal passages due to exposure to allergens. If a patient with allergic rhinitis does not remain compliant with the treatment regimen, such as taking antihistamines or using nasal corticosteroids, it can lead to chronic inflammation and congestion of the nasal passages. Over time, this chronic inflammation can predispose the patient to developing complications such as sinusitis, which is the inflammation of the sinuses. Sinusitis can result in symptoms such as facial pain, pressure, nasal congestion, and fever. Therefore, non-compliance with treatment in allergic rhinitis can increase the risk of developing sinusitis as a complication.

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A client with colon cancer requires a permanent colostomy because of the tumor location. After surgery, the client must learn how to irrigate the colostomy. When irrigating, how far into the stoma should the client insert the lubricated catheter?

  • A. 0.25" to 0.5"
  • B. 2" to 4"
  • C. 1" to 1.5"
  • D. 5" to 7"
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When irrigating a colostomy, the client should insert the lubricated catheter approximately 1 to 1.5 inches (2.5 to 4 cm) into the stoma. This depth ensures that the catheter reaches the optimal level within the colon to effectively irrigate and cleanse the colon contents. Inserting the catheter too shallow may not reach the colon, while inserting it too deep can cause discomfort or injury to the lining of the colon. It is important for the client to be educated on the correct technique and depth for colostomy irrigation to maintain bowel regularity and health.

The nurse is caring for a school-age child who has had a cardiac catheterization. The child tells the nurse that the bandage is "too wet." The nurse finds the bandage and bed soaked with blood. What is the priority nursing action?

  • A. Notify physician
  • B. Apply new bandage with more pressure
  • C. Place the child in Trendelenburg position
  • D. Apply direct pressure above catheterization site
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The priority nursing action in this situation is to apply direct pressure above the catheterization site to control the bleeding. This is important to prevent excessive blood loss and ensure the child's safety. The nurse should quickly address the issue of the soaked bandage and bed by applying direct pressure to the catheterization site to stop the bleeding. Once bleeding is controlled, the nurse should then notify the physician for further evaluation and treatment. Placing the child in Trendelenburg position is not necessary in this scenario, as the immediate focus should be on controlling the bleeding.

Which is the nurse's best interpretation of this?

  • A. Resuscitation is likely to be needed.
  • B. Adjustment to extrauterine life is adequate.
  • C. Additional scoring in 5 more minutes is needed.
  • D. Maternal sedation or analgesia contributed to the low score.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse's best interpretation is that the adjustment to extrauterine life is adequate. This can be determined by the Apgar score, which assesses a newborn's well-being shortly after birth. A score of 7-10 indicates that the newborn is adjusting well to life outside the womb, while a score of 4-6 may indicate some difficulties that may require intervention. In this case, the nurse's interpretation suggests that the newborn is doing well in adapting to the new environment.

recurrent urinary tract infection in children cause:

  • A. arthritis
  • B. recurrent rash
  • C. growth disturbance
  • D. behavioral disturbances
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children can potentially cause growth disturbance. UTIs in children can result in poor weight gain, failure to thrive, and reduced height due to the stress and inflammatory response on the body. Chronic inflammation from recurrent UTIs can affect a child's overall health and development, leading to growth disturbances. It is essential to promptly treat and prevent recurrent UTIs in children to avoid potential long-term complications such as growth disturbances. Arthritis, recurrent rash, and behavioral disturbances are not typically associated with recurrent UTIs in children.

At a public health fair, a nurse discusses the dangers of sun exposure. Prolonged sun exposure has been blamed for which form of cancer?

  • A. Malignant melanoma
  • B. Basal cell epithelioma
  • C. Squamous cell carcinoma
  • D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Prolonged sun exposure is indeed a known risk factor for all three types of skin cancer listed in the choices. Malignant melanoma is a serious form of skin cancer that develops in the melanocytes, the cells that produce skin pigment. Basal cell epithelioma and squamous cell carcinoma are two other common types of skin cancer that are largely attributed to sun exposure. It is crucial to protect your skin from the harmful effects of the sun by applying sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and seeking shade when necessary to reduce the risk of developing skin cancer.

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